剝蝕節理
剝蝕節理（英语：exfoliation joint或sheet joints）是一種在岩石表面平行的結構，常常導致對岩石內部的進一步侵蝕。
地質特點
- 通常遵循地形[1][2][3]。
- 將岩石分解為副平面[3]。
- 節理的間距隨著深度從表面附近的幾厘米增加到深處的幾米[4][5][6]。
- 目前已知最大的剝蝕節理深度約為100米[7][8][9][10]。
- 節理的縫隙是可拉伸的[11][12]。
- 發生在許多不同的岩性和氣候帶中，並非冰川景觀獨有[13][14][15]。
- 基岩通常是稀疏節理的，各向同性的，並且具有很高的抗壓強度。
- 可以具有或凹或凸的向上彎曲[16][17][18]。
- 通常與其他次生地質活動相聯繫，例如拱起、彎曲[19]。
參考資料
- ^ Gilbert, G.K. Domes and dome structures of the high Sierra. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 1904, 15: 29–36.
- ^ Matthes, F.E. Geologic history of the Yosemite Valley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional. 1930, 160 [2020-12-06]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-01）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Goodman, R.E. Engineering Geology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1993.
- ^ Goodman, R.E. Engineering Geology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1993.
- ^ Dale, T.N. The commercial granites of New England. United States Geological Survey Bulletin. 1923, 738.
- ^ Jahns, R.H. Sheet structures in granites. Journal of Geology. 1943, 51 (2): 71–98. Bibcode:1943JG.....51...71J. doi:10.1086/625130.
- ^ Goodman, R.E. Engineering Geology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1993.
- ^ Dale, T.N. The commercial granites of New England. United States Geological Survey Bulletin. 1923, 738.
- ^ Jahns, R.H. Sheet structures in granites. Journal of Geology. 1943, 51 (2): 71–98. Bibcode:1943JG.....51...71J. doi:10.1086/625130.
- ^ Holzhausen, G.R. Origin of sheet structure, 1. Morphology and boundary conditions. Engineering Geology. 1989, 27 (1–4): 225–278. doi:10.1016/0013-7952(89)90035-5.
- ^ Bahat, D.; Grossenbacher, K.; Karasaki, K. Mechanism of exfoliation joint formation in granitic rocks, Yosemite National Park. Journal of Structural Geology. January 1999, 21 (1): 85–96. Bibcode:1999JSG....21...85B. ISSN 0191-8141. doi:10.1016/s0191-8141(98)00069-8.
- ^ Mandl, G. Rock Joints. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 2005. ISBN 9783642063916.
- ^ Goodman, R.E. Engineering Geology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1993.
- ^ Bradley, W.C. Large-scale exfoliation in massive sandstones of the Colorado Plateau. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 1963, 74 (5): 519–527. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1963)74[519:LEIMSO]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Twidale, C.R. On the origin of sheet jointing. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 1973, 5 (3): 163–187. Bibcode:1973RMFMR...5..163T. doi:10.1007/BF01238046.
- ^ Gilbert, G.K. Domes and dome structures of the high Sierra. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 1904, 15: 29–36.
- ^ Matthes, F.E. Geologic history of the Yosemite Valley. U.S. Geological Survey Professional. 1930, 160 [2020-12-06]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-01）.
- ^ Romani, J.R.; Twidale, C.R. Sheet fractures, other stress forms and some engineering implications. Geomorphology. 1999, 31: 13–27. Bibcode:1999Geomo..31...13V. doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00070-7.
- ^ Romani, J.R.; Twidale, C.R. Sheet fractures, other stress forms and some engineering implications. Geomorphology. 1999, 31: 13–27. Bibcode:1999Geomo..31...13V. doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00070-7.
