位點特異性重組
位點特異性重組(Site-specific recombination)是生物基因重組的一種機制,即兩段具有一定同源序列的DNA發生重組[1][2][3],此過程中兩段DNA序列會發先發生聯會,位點特異性重組酶(SSR)會與DNA結合,切割兩段DNA後促進酯交換反應,使一段DNA與另一段DNA連接-而形成霍利迪交叉,再進行第二次切割而得到重組過的兩段DNA[4][5]。重組酶可分為酪胺酸重組酶(如Cre重組酶與FLP重組酶)與絲胺酸重組酶(如γδ解離酶與Tn3解離酶)兩大類,兩者結構與詳細反應機理均不同[6][7],前者僅分別切割兩段DNA的一股,後者則將兩段共4股DNA都切割[8]。
位點特異性重組的特異性很高[9],在DNA複製與可動遺傳因子插入等過程中會發生[10],也被用作基因工程的一項技術[11]。此重組依重複片段的排列狀況可能有整合、切除與倒位三種結果,兩段不同DNA間的位點特異性重組可造成一段DNA被整合進另一段DNA中,同DNA中兩段同向序列的位點特異性重組可造成中間的序列被移除,而兩段反向序列的位點特異性重組則可造成中間序列倒位[12]。
參見
參考文獻
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- ^ Abdel-Meguid, S.S.; Grindley, N.D.; Templeton, N.S.; Steitz, T.A. Cleavage of the site-specific recombination protein gamma delta resolvase: the smaller of two fragments binds DNA specifically. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. April 1984, 81 (7): 2001–5. Bibcode:1984PNAS...81.2001A. PMC 345424 . PMID 6326096. doi:10.1073/pnas.81.7.2001.
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