眶前孔

眶前孔（英語：antorbital fenestra）是在眼窩前面的開口。這種頭骨是出現於三疊紀的主龍形類的特徵。在現存的主龍形動物中，鳥類仍然具有眶前孔結構，而鱷類卻失去了它們。人們認為鱷類對該結構的損失與他們的頭骨對咬合力和所採用的進食行為的結構性需求有關^[1]^[2]。在某些主龍形動物中，開口是深陷的，其位置被稱為眶骨窩（英語：antorbital fossa）。眶前孔內有一個鼻竇，與相鄰的鼻囊匯合^[3] 。儘管鱷類的眶前孔消失了，但它們仍然保留著一個鼻竇^[3]。

參考資料

^ Preushscoft, H., Witzel, U. 2002. Biomechanical Investigations on the Skulls of Reptiles and Mammals. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 82:207–222.
^ Rayfield, E.J., Milner, A.C., Xuan, V.B., Young, P.G. 2007. Functional Morphology of Spinosaur "Crocodile Mimic" Dinosaurs. JVP. 27(4):892–901.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Witmer, L.M. 1997. The Evolution of the Antorbital Cavity of Archosaurs: A Study in Soft-Tissue Reconstruction in the Fossil Record with an Analysis of the Function of Pneumaticity. JVP 17(1 supp):1–76.

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[preuschcoftwitzel2002-1] Preushscoft, H., Witzel, U. 2002. Biomechanical Investigations on the Skulls of Reptiles and Mammals. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 82:207–222.

[rayfield2007-2] Rayfield, E.J., Milner, A.C., Xuan, V.B., Young, P.G. 2007. Functional Morphology of Spinosaur "Crocodile Mimic" Dinosaurs. JVP. 27(4):892–901.

[witmer1997-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Witmer, L.M. 1997. The Evolution of the Antorbital Cavity of Archosaurs: A Study in Soft-Tissue Reconstruction in the Fossil Record with an Analysis of the Function of Pneumaticity. JVP 17(1 supp):1–76.

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