跳转到内容

File:Adolf Eichmann, 1942.jpg

页面内容不支持其他语言。
这个文件来自维基共享资源
维基百科,自由的百科全书

原始文件 (652 × 1,024像素,文件大小:298 KB,MIME类型:image/jpeg


摘要

描述

SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann (1906–1962), head of Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA, Reich Security Central Office) Department IV B4 (Jewish affairs), who organized the deportation of Jews to the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland during the Holocaust. Taken in or around 1942, this appears to have been Eichmann's official RSHA ID photograph. Yad Vashem describes the image as "Eichmann, RSHA (Reich Central Security Office), 1942, Collection Archive, Yad Vashem Archives." See this version with a signature; the holes from the hole punch are visible.

The image shows Eichmann in his Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) uniform, with four silver pips and a stripe on the left collar. He became Obersturmbannführer on 9 November 1941.[1]

David Cesarani writes: "The much used official photograph of the smiling young SS officer with filmstar looks who deported millions of Jews to the death camps seems to personify all the perpetrators of Nazi genocide. The ubiquity of this image is equalled by that of Eichmann at his trial in Jerusalem in 1961, sitting or standing inside a bulletproof glass booth".[2]

It is not known where the photograph was taken. After the Wannsee Conference in January 1942, Eichmann travelled extensively, setting up offices in countries from which Jews were being deported. The birth of his children mirrored this movement: his first son was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1936; his second in Vienna, Austria, in 1940; and his third in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic), in 1942, where he and his wife had rented a home since 1939 and which he regarded as his official residence. He would regularly return to Berlin.[3] (His fourth son was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1955.)

Bettina Stangneth writes that, from June 1942, when Reinhard Heydrich, head of the RSHA, was assassinated in Prague, Eichmann "began ensuring that no one took his photograph".[4] Describing the security measures Eichmann took because he "lived in constant fear of assassination", Dieter Wisliceny, another SS officer, wrote in a statement in 1946: "The same caution made him camera-shy. Whenever he needed photographs for identification papers, he had them done by the Gestapo Photographic Laboratory. I myself took two pictures of Eichmann, the first in 1937 and the second in 1944, showing Eichmann in uniform. It was taken in Hungary, and even there Eichmann made me give him the negative. The pictures used to be in my apartment in Vienna 18, Buchleitengasse 8."[5]
日期 The photograph was taken in 1941, according to Bettina Stangneth (an Eichmann expert); 1942, according to Yad Vashem; or 1943, according to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
来源 Immediate source Blic.rs. Also Yad Vashem and United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The latter credits DIZ Muenchen GMBH, Sueddeutscher Verlag Bilderdienst. Image ID: 00126367.
作者 Author and location unknown.
Bettina Stangneth's caption for the image says: "Unknown photographer, undated (1941), AKG Images, 4217270".[3] The Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (Bavarian State Library) website used to attribute the image to Heinrich Hoffmann (1885–1957) ("image: hoff-895; negative: Hoffmann 8841"), a German photographer who was known as Hitler's personal photographer. The library obtained the negative and a copy of the image as part of a collection purchased from Hoffmann's son in 1993. Following an inquiry from a Wikipedian in 2014, the library checked the negative and confirmed "with certainty" that this is not one of Hoffmann's images. His negatives were made of glass and had identifying numbers etched onto them. The library said they cannot determine the authorship of the Eichmann negative.
授权
(二次使用本文件)

Because this is an official image, it can be regarded as having been published in the form of an ID document at the time. It is in the public domain in the US because it was published between 1923 and 1977 without compliance with US formalities. If it was part of Eichmann's RSHA personnel file, it would have been seized by the Alien Property Custodian as enemy property. Ladislas Farago wrote in 1974 that passport-size Eichmann photographs were held by the Allies after the war, "including in the captured archives of the RSHA, the SS main office, and on file at Nuremberg, numbered No. 2259."[6] The image can also be regarded as the work of a criminal enterprise (the SS). For the Commons status of other images associated with the SS, see:

Also see "17 U.S. Code § 104A - Copyright in restored works", Legal Information Institute; "Captured German Records and the Berlin Document Center" and Eichmann file, National Archives.

References

  1. For the date, see Leni Yahil, The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945, Oxford University Press, 1990 [1987], p. 315.
  2. David Cesarani, Becoming Eichmann, Da Capo Press, 2007, p. 1.
  3. a b Bettina Stangneth, "Otto Adolf Eichmann", in Hans-Christian Jasch and Christoph Kreutzmüller (eds.), The Participants: The Men of the Wannsee Conference, Berghahn Books, 2017, pp. 52–53.
  4. Bettina Stangneth, Eichmann Before Jerusalem, Vintage, 2015, p. 39.
  5. Tuviah Friedman, The Hunter: Autobiography Of The Man Who Spent Fifteen Years Searching For Adolf Eichmann, Normanby Press, p. 262.
  6. Ladislas Farago, Aftermath: Martin Bormann and the Fourth Reich, Hodder & Stoughton Ltd, p. 291.


Public domain
本图像(或其他媒体文件)因著作权过期以及作者匿名而处于公有领域
这适用于欧盟和对向公众开放的作品享有70年版权期限,且作者从未披露其身份的其他国家。
重要提示:只要有可能,就必须提供图像的来源,并确保作者从未公开其身份。

注意:在德国以及可能的其他国家,1995年7月1日前发表的某些匿名作品仍然受到版权保护,直至作者死亡后70年。参见Übergangsrecht。请只在作者从未公开其身份,或从未以任何其他方式公众熟知时使用该模板。如果作品是匿名或化名(例如只是以公司或组织的名义发表),使用该模板的图像需要已发表超过70年。 对于在英国向公众开放的作品,请使用Template:PD-UK-unknown代替。
Flag of Europe
Public domain
Public domain
这个媒体文件在美国属于公有领域。这适用于版权过期的美国作品,通常因为其首次出版于1929年1月1日之前,或即便当天或以后出版,其并未包含版权通告或获得版权回溯。查看这个页面可以获取到更多的解释。

United States
United States
这个图片在美国以外可能尚未处于公有领域;尤其在对美国作品不适用较短期限法则的国家和地区,如加拿大、中国大陆(不含香港及澳门)、德国、墨西哥和瑞士。创作者和发表年份是关键信息,因此必须提供。参见维基百科:公有领域维基百科:版权信息以获取更多细节。

说明

添加一行文字以描述该文件所表现的内容
Adolf Eichmann

此文件中描述的项目

描绘内容

艾希曼 中文(已转写)

阿道夫·艾希曼 简体中文(已转写)

媒体类型 简体中文(已转写)

image/jpeg

校验和 简体中文(已转写)

7d2fd3dc8183f1ecdb2c517f80df32c9c5891330

断定方法:​SHA-1 简体中文(已转写)

数据大小 简体中文(已转写)

305,117 字节

1,024 像素

652 像素

文件历史

点击某个日期/时间查看对应时刻的文件。

日期/时间缩⁠略⁠图大小用户备注
当前2018年12月22日 (六) 03:262018年12月22日 (六) 03:26版本的缩略图652 × 1,024(298 KB)Magog the OgreHigher resolution from http://ho2994.egloos.com/3399875
2018年12月18日 (二) 18:242018年12月18日 (二) 18:24版本的缩略图578 × 908(118 KB)SlimVirgin{{Information |Description=Official Reichssicherheitshauptamt ID photograph, taken in or around 1942, of SS Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann (1906–1962), who played a central role in the deportation of Jews during the Holocaust. Yad Vashem describes the image as "Eichmann, RSHA (Reich Central Security Office), 1942, Collection Archive, Yad Vashem Archives." See [https://web.archive.org/web/20140802101257/http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/education/interviews/...

以下2个页面使用本文件:

全域文件用途

以下其他wiki使用此文件:

查看此文件的更多全域用途

元数据