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恐龙的体型

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恐龙的体型将目前已知的不同恐龙生物群中,最大、最重与最小的成员列表出来。

五类恐龙的大型代表物种体型相比,图片最左边蓝色的则代表现代人类的平均体

备注:这个列表并不包含未公布的化石。恐龙的体重估计值比身长估计值变化范围更大,因为使用已灭绝动物的骨骸来估计牠们的身长较为容易。


兽脚亚目

最长的兽脚亚目

数种巨型兽脚类恐龙的体型相比。从左到右为:棘龙南方巨兽龙暴龙马普龙鲨齿龙

以下列表为身长(包含尾巴在内)超过12米的兽脚类恐龙。

1棘龙: 12—15.5米(39—51英尺)[1]

2南方巨兽龙: 12.3—13.2米(40—43英尺)[2][3]

3鲨齿龙: 12.2—13米(40—43英尺)[4][5]

4马普龙: 12.2—13米(40—43英尺)[6][3]

5霸王龙: 12.3—13米(40—43英尺)[4][1]

6魁纣龙: 12.2米(40英尺)[4][3]

7高棘龙: 11.5—11.8米(38—39英尺)?[4][3]

最重的兽脚亚目

1霸王龙: 4.5—9.5 t(5.0—10.5 short ton)[7][8][9]

2南方巨兽龙: 6—8.5 t(6.6—9.4 short ton) [10][11][12][13]

3棘龙: 6—8.5 t(6.6—9.4 short ton)[14][12][15]

4鲨齿龙: 4—8.2 t(4.4—9.0 short ton)[10][16][12]

5魁纣龙: 4.9—7.5 t(5.4—8.3 short ton)[4][10]

6高棘龙: 2.4—7.3 t(2.6—8.0 short ton)[10][17][18]

7恐手龙: 5—6.8 t(5.5—7.5 short ton)[19][4]

8似鳄龙: 2.5—6.5 t(2.8—7.2 short ton)[2][16][4]

9奥沙拉龙: 5—6.4 t(5.5—7.1 short ton)[20]

10吉兰泰龙: 2.5—6 t(2.8—6.6 short ton)[21][22]

最小的兽脚亚目(不包含鸟类)

以下为身长小于或等于80cm的兽脚类恐龙(不包含鸟类):

  1. 耀龙Epidexipteryx):25公分到30公分。[4][23]
  2. 近鸟Anchiornis):34公分。[24]
  3. 小驰龙Parvicursor):39公分。
  4. 寐龙Mei):53公分。[2]
  5. 金凤鸟Jinfengopteryx):55公分。[25]
  6. 小盗龙Microraptor):55到77公分。
  7. 美颌龙Compsognathus):60公分到1.4米。
  8. 小力加布龙Ligabueino):70公分。
  9. 大黑天神龙Mahakala):70公分。[26]
  10. 侏罗猎龙Juravenator):75到104公分。
  11. 恩霹渥巴龙Nqwebasaurus):80公分。

蜥脚形亚目

蜥脚形亚目恐龙的化石经常处于破碎的状态,因此很难估计牠们的体型。而且牠们的化石常缺乏尾部,所以估计值的错误范围很大。恐龙体重的计算方式是采用身长的三次方,而蜥脚类恐龙的身长大多无法确定,因此更难以估计牠们的体重。以下估计值主要根据GavinrymillMiketaylor页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)、以及 Mortimer页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)等人的论叙。而化石非常破碎,或是化石已遗失的物种,都标上问号。

巨型蜥脚类恐龙通常可以分为两群:一群的体型较短、较粗壮,但体重较大,主要为泰坦巨龙类腕龙科;另一群的体型较为修长,但体重较轻,主要为梁龙科

最长的蜥脚形亚目

数种大型代表蜥脚下目恐龙的体型比较图。分别为:阿根廷龙(红)、马门溪龙(绿)、超龙(橘)、梁龙(紫)、富塔隆柯龙(蓝)

1阿根廷龙Argentinosaurus)31-37.6米。[27]

2巴塔哥巨龙Patagotitan):30-35米。[28][4][29]

3马门溪龙Mamenchisaurus):26到35米。[4][30]

4超龙(Supersaurus):32到34.5米。[31][4]

5梁龙D. hallorum):26-32米。原为地震龙Seismosaurus)。[4][31][3][32]

6阿拉莫龙Alamosaurus):28到31.5米。[4][33][3]

7巨大南极龙"Antarctosaurus" giganteus): 25-30米。[3]

8新疆巨龙Xinjiangtitan):26-29米。[34]

9波塞东龙Sauroposeidon): 27到28.5米。备注:目前已知最高的恐龙,身高15-17米。[35][4][36]

最重的蜥脚形亚目

1阿根廷龙Argentinosaurus):50至92公吨。[37][4][10]

2马门溪龙Mamenchisaurus):44到80公吨。[4]

3巴塔哥巨龙属Patagotitan):55到72公吨。[38]

4南巨龙属Notocolossus):44.9到55公吨。[37]

5阿拉莫龙Alamosaurus):39.5到52公吨。[37][4][11]

6波塞东龙Sauroposeidon):38到52公吨。[35][4][36]

7无畏巨龙Dreadnoughtus):22.1到46公吨。[37][39]

8潮汐龙Futalognkosaurus):20到42公吨。[4][40]

最小的蜥脚形亚目

  1. 欧姆殿龙Ohmdenosaurus): 4米(13英尺)[3]
  2. 贝里肯龙Blikanasaurus): 4—5米(13—16英尺)[4][3]
  3. 细长龙Lirainosaurus): 4—7米(13—23英尺)[4][41]
  4. 马扎尔龙Magyarosaurus): 5.3—6米(17—20英尺)[4][3]
  5. 欧罗巴龙Europasaurus): 5.7—6.2米(19—20英尺)[4][3][42]
  6. 火山齿龙Vulcanodon): 6.5—11米(21—36英尺)[4][3]
  7. 伊森龙Isanosaurus): 6.5—17米(21—56英尺)[3][43]
  8. 萨尔塔龙Saltasaurus): 7—12.8米(23—42英尺)[4][44][29]
  9. 内乌肯龙Neuquensaurus): 7—15米(23—49英尺)[3][45]
  10. 雷前龙Antetonitrus): 8—12.2米(26—40英尺)[3][46]

鸟脚亚目

最长的鸟脚亚目

数种大型鸟脚类恐龙的体型相比。由左到右分别为:山东龙巨保罗龙鸭龙埃德蒙顿龙
  1. 山东龙Shantungosaurus):14.7—18.7米(48—61英尺)[16][3][47][48][49]
  2. 埃德蒙顿龙Edmontosaurus):9—15.2米(30—50英尺)[3][4][50][51][52][53]
  3. 阔步龙Hypsibema):15米(49英尺)?[3]
  4. 贝尼萨尔禽龙Iguanodon):10—13米(33—43英尺)[3][54]
  5. 卡戎龙Charonosaurus):10—13米(33—43英尺)[4][55]
  6. 巨保罗龙Magnapaulia):12.5米(41英尺)[56]
  7. 窄吻栉龙Saurolophus angustirostris):12米(39英尺)[4][57]

最重的鸟脚亚目

  1. 山东龙: 9.9—22.5 t(10.9—24.8 short ton)[4][10][16][58]
  2. 加尔韦禽龙: 15.3 t(16.9 short ton)[10]
  3. 连接埃德蒙顿龙: 3—13.2 t(3.3—14.6 short ton)[59][16][60][51]
  4. 栉龙: 5—11 t(5.5—12.1 short ton)[10][61]
  5. 贝尼萨尔禽龙: 3.08—8.3 t(3.40—9.15 short ton)[10][62]
  6. 帝王埃德蒙顿龙: 4—7.6 t(4.4—8.4 short ton)[10]
  7. 加拿大短冠龙: 4.5—7 t(5.0—7.7 short ton)[4][10]
  8. 巨齿兰州龙: 6 t(6.6 short ton)[4]
  9. 沃克氏副栉龙: 2.5—5.1 t(2.8—5.6 short ton)[10][16][63][64]
  10. 嘉荫卡戎龙: 5 t(5.5 short ton)[4]

角龙亚目

最长的角龙亚目

以下为身长(包含尾巴)超过6米以上的角龙类恐龙。

  1. 始三角龙Eotriceratops):8.5米(28英尺)[4]
  2. 三角龙Triceratops):8米(26英尺)[4]
  3. 牛角龙Torosaurus):8米(26英尺)[4]
  4. 白杨山角龙Ojoceratops):8米(26英尺)[3]
  5. 泰坦角龙Titanoceratops):6.5—6.8米(21—22英尺)[4][65]
  6. 厚鼻龙Pachyrhinosaurus): 6米(20英尺)[4]
  7. 河神龙Achelousaurus): 6米(20英尺)[4]

最小的角龙亚目

  1. 阎王角龙Yamaceratops):50公分。[4]
  2. 辽宁角龙Liaoceratops):50公分。[4]

厚头龙亚目

最大的厚头龙亚目

  1. 厚头龙Pachycephalosaurus):4.5—7米(15—23英尺)[4][3]

最小的厚头龙亚目

  1. 皖南龙Wannanosaurus):60公分。[66]

装甲类

最长的装甲类

以下为长度超过8米的装甲类恐龙:

  1. 剑龙属Stegosaurus):6.5—9米(21—30英尺)[4][3]
  2. 雪松甲龙Ankylosaurus):5—9米(16—30英尺)[4][3][67]
  3. 锐龙Dacentrurus):7—8米(23—26英尺)[4][3][68]
  4. 甲龙Ankylosaurus):6.25—8米(20.5—26.2英尺)[3][69][70]
  5. 多智龙Tarchia):4.5—8米(15—26英尺)[4][3]

最小的装甲类

  1. 辽宁龙Liaoningosaurus):34公分,但化石为幼年体。[3]
  2. 小盾龙Scutellosaurus):1.2米。[3]
  3. 龙胄龙Dracopelta):2米。[3]
  4. 敏迷龙Minmi):2米。

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