恐龙的体型
恐龙的体型将目前已知的不同恐龙生物群中,最大、最重与最小的成员列表出来。
备注:这个列表并不包含未公布的化石。恐龙的体重估计值比身长估计值变化范围更大,因为使用已灭绝动物的骨骸来估计牠们的身长较为容易。
兽脚亚目
最长的兽脚亚目
以下列表为身长(包含尾巴在内)超过12米的兽脚类恐龙。
2南方巨兽龙: 12.3—13.2米(40—43英尺)[2][3]
7高棘龙: 11.5—11.8米(38—39英尺)?[4][3]
最重的兽脚亚目
1霸王龙: 4.5—9.5 t(5.0—10.5 short ton)[7][8][9]
2南方巨兽龙: 6—8.5 t(6.6—9.4 short ton) [10][11][12][13]
3棘龙: 6—8.5 t(6.6—9.4 short ton)[14][12][15]
4鲨齿龙: 4—8.2 t(4.4—9.0 short ton)[10][16][12]
5魁纣龙: 4.9—7.5 t(5.4—8.3 short ton)[4][10]
6高棘龙: 2.4—7.3 t(2.6—8.0 short ton)[10][17][18]
7恐手龙: 5—6.8 t(5.5—7.5 short ton)[19][4]
8似鳄龙: 2.5—6.5 t(2.8—7.2 short ton)[2][16][4]
9奥沙拉龙: 5—6.4 t(5.5—7.1 short ton)[20]
10吉兰泰龙: 2.5—6 t(2.8—6.6 short ton)[21][22]
最小的兽脚亚目(不包含鸟类)
以下为身长小于或等于80cm的兽脚类恐龙(不包含鸟类):
- 耀龙(Epidexipteryx):25公分到30公分。[4][23]
- 近鸟(Anchiornis):34公分。[24]
- 小驰龙(Parvicursor):39公分。
- 寐龙(Mei):53公分。[2]
- 金凤鸟(Jinfengopteryx):55公分。[25]
- 小盗龙(Microraptor):55到77公分。
- 美颌龙(Compsognathus):60公分到1.4米。
- 小力加布龙(Ligabueino):70公分。
- 大黑天神龙(Mahakala):70公分。[26]
- 侏罗猎龙(Juravenator):75到104公分。
- 恩霹渥巴龙(Nqwebasaurus):80公分。
蜥脚形亚目
蜥脚形亚目恐龙的化石经常处于破碎的状态,因此很难估计牠们的体型。而且牠们的化石常缺乏尾部,所以估计值的错误范围很大。恐龙体重的计算方式是采用身长的三次方,而蜥脚类恐龙的身长大多无法确定,因此更难以估计牠们的体重。以下估计值主要根据Gavinrymill、Miketaylor (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)、以及 Mortimer (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)等人的论叙。而化石非常破碎,或是化石已遗失的物种,都标上问号。
巨型蜥脚类恐龙通常可以分为两群:一群的体型较短、较粗壮,但体重较大,主要为泰坦巨龙类与腕龙科;另一群的体型较为修长,但体重较轻,主要为梁龙科。
最长的蜥脚形亚目
1阿根廷龙(Argentinosaurus)31-37.6米。[27]
2巴塔哥巨龙 (Patagotitan):30-35米。[28][4][29]
3马门溪龙(Mamenchisaurus):26到35米。[4][30]
4超龙(Supersaurus):32到34.5米。[31][4]
5梁龙(D. hallorum):26-32米。原为地震龙(Seismosaurus)。[4][31][3][32]
6阿拉莫龙(Alamosaurus):28到31.5米。[4][33][3]
7巨大南极龙("Antarctosaurus" giganteus): 25-30米。[3]
8新疆巨龙(Xinjiangtitan):26-29米。[34]
9波塞东龙(Sauroposeidon): 27到28.5米。备注:目前已知最高的恐龙,身高15-17米。[35][4][36]
最重的蜥脚形亚目
1阿根廷龙(Argentinosaurus):50至92公吨。[37][4][10]
2马门溪龙(Mamenchisaurus):44到80公吨。[4]
3巴塔哥巨龙属 (Patagotitan):55到72公吨。[38]
4南巨龙属 (Notocolossus):44.9到55公吨。[37]
5阿拉莫龙(Alamosaurus):39.5到52公吨。[37][4][11]
6波塞东龙(Sauroposeidon):38到52公吨。[35][4][36]
7无畏巨龙(Dreadnoughtus):22.1到46公吨。[37][39]
8潮汐龙(Futalognkosaurus):20到42公吨。[4][40]
最小的蜥脚形亚目
- 欧姆殿龙(Ohmdenosaurus): 4米(13英尺)[3]
- 贝里肯龙(Blikanasaurus): 4—5米(13—16英尺)[4][3]
- 细长龙(Lirainosaurus): 4—7米(13—23英尺)[4][41]
- 马扎尔龙(Magyarosaurus): 5.3—6米(17—20英尺)[4][3]
- 欧罗巴龙(Europasaurus): 5.7—6.2米(19—20英尺)[4][3][42]
- 火山齿龙(Vulcanodon): 6.5—11米(21—36英尺)[4][3]
- 伊森龙(Isanosaurus): 6.5—17米(21—56英尺)[3][43]
- 萨尔塔龙(Saltasaurus): 7—12.8米(23—42英尺)[4][44][29]
- 内乌肯龙(Neuquensaurus): 7—15米(23—49英尺)[3][45]
- 雷前龙(Antetonitrus): 8—12.2米(26—40英尺)[3][46]
鸟脚亚目
最长的鸟脚亚目
- 山东龙(Shantungosaurus):14.7—18.7米(48—61英尺)[16][3][47][48][49]
- 埃德蒙顿龙(Edmontosaurus):9—15.2米(30—50英尺)[3][4][50][51][52][53]
- 阔步龙(Hypsibema):15米(49英尺)?[3]
- 贝尼萨尔禽龙(Iguanodon):10—13米(33—43英尺)[3][54]
- 卡戎龙(Charonosaurus):10—13米(33—43英尺)[4][55]
- 巨保罗龙(Magnapaulia):12.5米(41英尺)[56]
- 窄吻栉龙(Saurolophus angustirostris):12米(39英尺)[4][57]
最重的鸟脚亚目
- 山东龙: 9.9—22.5 t(10.9—24.8 short ton)[4][10][16][58]
- 加尔韦禽龙: 15.3 t(16.9 short ton)[10]
- 连接埃德蒙顿龙: 3—13.2 t(3.3—14.6 short ton)[59][16][60][51]
- 栉龙: 5—11 t(5.5—12.1 short ton)[10][61]
- 贝尼萨尔禽龙: 3.08—8.3 t(3.40—9.15 short ton)[10][62]
- 帝王埃德蒙顿龙: 4—7.6 t(4.4—8.4 short ton)[10]
- 加拿大短冠龙: 4.5—7 t(5.0—7.7 short ton)[4][10]
- 巨齿兰州龙: 6 t(6.6 short ton)[4]
- 沃克氏副栉龙: 2.5—5.1 t(2.8—5.6 short ton)[10][16][63][64]
- 嘉荫卡戎龙: 5 t(5.5 short ton)[4]
角龙亚目
最长的角龙亚目
以下为身长(包含尾巴)超过6米以上的角龙类恐龙。
- 始三角龙(Eotriceratops):8.5米(28英尺)[4]
- 三角龙(Triceratops):8米(26英尺)[4]
- 牛角龙(Torosaurus):8米(26英尺)[4]
- 白杨山角龙(Ojoceratops):8米(26英尺)[3]
- 泰坦角龙(Titanoceratops):6.5—6.8米(21—22英尺)[4][65]
- 厚鼻龙(Pachyrhinosaurus): 6米(20英尺)[4]
- 河神龙(Achelousaurus): 6米(20英尺)[4]
最小的角龙亚目
厚头龙亚目
最大的厚头龙亚目
最小的厚头龙亚目
装甲类
最长的装甲类
以下为长度超过8米的装甲类恐龙:
- 剑龙属(Stegosaurus):6.5—9米(21—30英尺)[4][3]
- 雪松甲龙(Ankylosaurus):5—9米(16—30英尺)[4][3][67]
- 锐龙(Dacentrurus):7—8米(23—26英尺)[4][3][68]
- 甲龙(Ankylosaurus):6.25—8米(20.5—26.2英尺)[3][69][70]
- 多智龙(Tarchia):4.5—8米(15—26英尺)[4][3]
最小的装甲类
- 辽宁龙(Liaoningosaurus):34公分,但化石为幼年体。[3]
- 小盾龙(Scutellosaurus):1.2米。[3]
- 龙胄龙(Dracopelta):2米。[3]
- 敏迷龙(Minmi):2米。
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- (英文)Gregory S. Paul. Dinosaur models: the good, the bad, and using them to estimate the mass of dinosaurs. Dinofest International. 1997, 1997: 129–154.