跳至內容

星簇2號

編輯連結
維基百科，自由的百科全書
星簇 II號衛星
星簇2號衛星群
星簇2號衛星群藝術想像圖
任務類型磁層研究
運營方歐洲空間局與美國宇航局合作
國際衛星標識符FM6 (薩爾薩): 2000-041A
FM7 (桑巴): 2000-041B
FM5 (倫巴): 2000-045A
FM8 (探戈): 2000-045B
衛星目錄序號FM6 (薩爾薩): 26410
FM7 (桑巴): 26411
FM5 (倫巴): 26463
FM8 (探戈): 26464
網站http://sci.esa.int/cluster
任務時長計劃: 5 年
已過去：24年3個月又14天
航天器屬性
製造方空客公司 (以前的多尼爾衛星系統公司)[1]
發射質量1200(2600磅)[1]
乾質量550千克(1210磅)[1]
酬載質量71(151磅)[1]
尺寸2.9x1.3米(9.5x4.3英尺)[1]
功率224 瓦[1]
任務開始
發射日期FM6: 2000年7月16日世界時12點39分
FM7: 2000年7月16日世界時12點39分
FM5:2000年8月9日世界時11點13分
FM8: 2000年8月9日世界時11點13分
運載火箭聯盟U/弗蓋特運載火箭
發射場拜科努爾航天發射場31號發射台
承包方斯塔瑞森公司
軌道參數
參照系地心軌道
軌域橢圓軌道
近地心點FM6:16118千米(10015英里)
FM7:16157千米(100395英里)
FM5: 16022千米(9956英里)
FM8: 12902千米(8017英里)
遠地心點FM6:116740千米(72540英里)
FM7:116654千米(72485英里)
FM5: 116786千米(72567英里)
FM8:119952千米(74535英里)
傾角FM6: 135度
FM7: 135度
FM5: 138度
FM8: 134度
週期FM6: 3259分鐘
FM7: 3257分鐘
FM5: 3257分鐘
FM8: 3258分鐘
曆元2014年3月13日世界時11點15分07秒

星簇II號（Cluster II）[2]是一項美國宇航局參與的歐洲空間局太空探測任務，目的是在近兩個太陽周期內研究地球磁層。該任務由四顆相同衛星組成四面體隊形飛行，以替代1996年因發射失敗而被毀的原星簇衛星，四顆星簇II號衛星於2000年7月和8月在哈薩克斯坦拜科努爾分別搭乘兩枚「聯盟-弗雷加」火箭上成對發射升空。2011年2月，星簇II號衛星慶祝了10年成功的空間探測行動。截至2020年10月，其任務已延長至2022年底[3]。2004年至2007年，中國國家航天局/歐空局雙星任務與星簇II號衛星群一起運行。

任務概述

從北黃極視角顯示星簇2號衛星自2004年3月21日來一周內的飛行軌跡。網格線表示地球弓形激波（綠色外層）和磁層（藍色內層）的平均位置。由於地球環太陽運行，在該照片中，衛星軌道似乎在旋轉，太陽位於上方。

這四顆完全相同的星簇II號衛星組隊環繞地球飛行，以研究太陽活動對地球空間環境的影響。該任務是太空探測史上首次能夠收集有關太陽風如何與磁層相互作用並影響包括極光在內的近地空間及其大氣層的三維信息。

這些衛星外形為1.3米高、直徑2.9米的扁平圓柱體（查看在線三維模型 Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2012-07-07），質量1200千克，其中包括650千克的推進劑和71千克的儀器，以每分鐘15圈的自旋速度保持穩定。發射後，圓柱體側面覆蓋的太陽能板可為儀器（47瓦）和各種設備（特別是通信）提供224瓦的電力，剩餘電能將儲存在5塊總容量為80安時的鎘銀電池中。由於高能帶電粒子的損害，太陽能電池板的功率會隨着任務的進行而逐漸下降，但事前已計劃好其功率水平足以保障探測操作。四顆衛星都安裝有一台400牛頓的主推進器和8台10牛頓的小型火箭發動機，燃料為聯氨和過氧化氮混合物。主引擎用於將衛星送入工作軌道上，然後調整與其他三顆衛星的距離，相距4公里到10000公里不等，機動組成各種四面體隊形以研究磁層結構和邊界。一旦進入軌道，衛星將展開多根天線和電纜：2根通信天線、2根5米長的儀器傳感器杆、4根50米長用於電場和波實驗的徑向延伸電纜，衛星平台設計至少運行5年[4][5]。

衛星高度橢圓的軌道最初抵達約4倍地球半徑（RE=6371公里）的近地點和19.6倍的遠地點，每圈軌道運行時間約需57小時。衛星軌道將隨着時間的推移發生改變，拱頂線逐步向南旋轉，使得軌道穿過磁尾電流片的距離逐漸減小，並可對所穿越緯度的大範圍白晝側磁層頂進行採樣。引力效應使近地點（和遠地點）距離發生了長期變化，2011年，近地點縮減至數百公里，然後又開始上升，軌道平面已偏離了90度傾角，歐洲太空營運中心的軌道修正也將衛星繞軌周期改為了54小時，所有這些變化使得該衛星群能夠探訪比最初兩年任務更廣的一系列重要磁層區，從而擴大了任務的探測範圍。

歐洲太空營運中心（ESOC）進行遙測並將來自衛星的科學數據分發到在線數據中心。位於英國盧瑟福阿普爾頓實驗室的聯合科學運營中心（JSOC）負責協調科學規劃，並與儀器團隊合作，向歐洲空間業務中心提供合併的儀器指令請求。

星簇衛星科學檔案是歐空局星簇和雙星科學任務的長期檔案。自2014年11月1日起，它是星簇任務科學數據和支持數據庫的唯一公共訪問點。雙星數據可通過該檔案公開獲得。星簇衛星科學檔案館位於西班牙馬德里附近的歐洲空間天文中心內歐空局所有其他科學檔案館旁。從2006年2月到2014年10月，可以通過星簇衛星科學檔案 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）訪問星簇衛星數據。

歷史

星簇衛星任務於1982年被提交給歐空局，並於1986年與太陽和日光層觀測台（SOHO）一起獲得批准，這兩項任務共同構成了歐洲航天局地平線2000計劃的日地物理學「奠基石」任務。 儘管最初的星簇衛星於1995年完成，但由於1996年攜帶衛星的阿麗亞娜5型火箭爆炸，使任務被推遲四年，以重新研製新的儀器和衛星。

2000年7月16日，一枚從拜科努爾航天發射場發射的聯盟-弗雷加火箭將兩顆替代的星簇2號衛星（薩爾薩號和桑巴號）送入停駐軌道，在那裏它們以自身動力機動到環繞期為57小時的19000×119000公里軌道。三周後的2000年8月9日，另一枚「聯盟-弗雷加」火箭將其餘兩顆衛星（倫巴號和探戈號）送入相同的軌道。1號衛星「倫巴」也被稱為鳳凰衛星，因為它主要是用原任務失敗後剩下的備件所製造。四顆在軌衛星經設備調試後，於2001年2月1日展開了首次科學探測。

歐洲空間局在所有歐空局成員國中舉辦了一場衛星征名大賽[6]，來自英國的雷·科頓以倫巴、探戈、薩爾薩和桑巴等名稱贏得了比賽[7]。雷居住的市鎮布里斯托被授予微縮版衛星模型，以表彰獲獎作品以及該市與衛星的聯繫[8][9]。在擺放多年後，它們最終在盧瑟福·阿普爾頓實驗室找到了自己歸宿。

該任務原計劃只持續到2003年底，現已多次延期。第一次從2004年延至2005年，第二次從2005年延至2009年6月，目前該任務已延長至2020年底[10]。

科學目標

地球磁層示意圖，太陽風從左向右吹。弓形激波(Bow shock)、偏轉的太陽風粒子(Deflected solar wind particles)、射入的太陽風粒子(Incoming solar wind particles)、磁鞘(Magentsheath)、磁尾(Magentotail)、中性層(Neutral sheet)、等離子片(Plasma sheet)、極尖區(Polar cusp)、范艾倫輻射帶(Van Allen radiation belt)。

以前僅靠一、兩顆衛星飛行任務無法提供準確研究磁層邊界所需的數據，由於組成磁層的等離子體無法用遙感技術進行觀測，因此必須使用衛星進行原位測量。四顆衛星使科學家能夠進行所需的三維辨時測量，以創建磁層區域之間以及磁層和太陽風間所發生的複雜等離子體相互作用的真實圖像。

每顆衛星都攜帶了11台探測儀器，旨在研究關鍵等離子體區時空內的小尺度等離子體結構：太陽風、弓形激波、磁層頂、極地尖點、磁尾、等離子層邊界層以及極冠上空和極光帶。

  • 弓形激波是地球和太陽之間的空間區域，在那裏太陽風在繞地球偏轉之前從超音速減速到亞音速。在穿越該區域時，衛星進行測量以幫助描述發生在弓激波中的作用過程，例如異常熱流的起源和穿過來自太陽風的弓形激波和磁鞘傳播的電磁波。
  • 弓形激波的背後是分隔地球和太陽風磁場的薄等離子體層，稱為磁層頂。因太陽風壓的不斷變化，該邊界也在不斷移動。但由於太陽風和磁層內的等離子體和磁壓分別應處於平衡狀態，因此磁層應該是一層不可穿透的邊界。然而，現已觀察到等離子體從太陽風中穿過磁層頂進入磁層的現象。 星簇2號衛星的四點測量使得追蹤磁層頂的運動以及闡明太陽風中等離子體的穿透機製成為可能。
  • 在北半球和南半球兩個地區，地球磁場與磁層頂垂直而非相切。這些「極地尖點」允許由離子和電子組成的太陽風粒子流入磁層。星簇2號衛星將記錄粒子的分佈，從而可以描述外部尖點的湍流區域。
  • 被太陽風吹離太陽的地球磁場區域統稱為「磁尾」，長度跨越月球的兩個裂瓣構成了外磁尾，而中央等離子片則形成高度活躍的內磁尾。星簇2號衛星將監測來自電離層的粒子和太陽風，因為它們穿過了磁尾瓣。在中央等離子體片中，衛星將測定離子束的起源以及由亞磁暴引起的磁場向電流的紊亂。
  • 大氣層中沉澱的帶電粒子在磁極周圍形成了一圈輻射光環，稱為「極光帶」，星簇衛星將測量該區域不同時間的瞬態粒子流及電場和磁場的變化

每顆星簇衛星上的儀器

星簇2號衛星上的儀器

四顆星簇2號衛星中的每顆都攜帶了11台相同的儀器（總質量71 公斤），其功能如下表所示。 這些儀器一方面測量電場 (E) 和磁場 (B) 的強度和方向；另一方面測量構成等離子體的電子和離子的密度與分佈。


編號 縮寫 儀器 測量 用途
1 ASPOC 衛星電位主動控制器 衛星靜電位的調節 啟用冷電子的等離子體電子和電流探測器進行測量（數電子伏特溫度），否則會被衛星光電子遮蔽。
2 CIS 星簇離子譜儀 測量離子飛行時間（TOFs）和從0到40千電子伏特的能量 等離子體中離子的組成和三維分佈
3 DWP 數字波處理器 協調電場和波實驗儀、場波動時空分析器、寬帶數據設備和高頻波及電子密度探測器的操作。 最低級別，提供電信號以同步儀器採樣；最高級別，通過宏命令啟用更複雜的操作模式。
4 EDI 電子漂移器 探測E電場的大小和方向 E向量，局部磁場B中的梯度。
5 EFW 電場和波實驗儀 探測E電場的大小和方向 E向量、航天器電位、電子密度和溫度。
6 FGM 磁通門磁力計 測量B磁場的大小和方向 除衛星電位主動控制器外，B向量和事件觸發的所有儀器。
7 PEACE 等離子體電子和電流探測器 測量從0.0007到30千電子伏特的電子能量 等離子體中電子的三維分佈
8 RAPID 自適應粒子成像探測器研究設備 測量39到406千電子伏特的電子能量；20到450電子伏特的離子能量。 等離子體中高能電子和離子的三維分佈。
9 STAFF 場波動時空分析器 檢測B磁場電磁波動的幅度和方向，E和B」的互相關性。 小尺度電流結構特性、等離子波和湍流來源。
10 WBD 寬帶數據設備 從25赫茲至577赫茲選定頻段內，對電場和磁場進行高時間解像度測量。它提供了一種獨特的新功能來執行甚長基線干涉測量（VLBI）。 地球磁層及其附近的自然等離子體波（如極光千米波輻射）的特性，包括：源位置、大小和擴展。
11 WHISPER 高頻波和電子密度探測器 2–8千赫範圍內發射的無線電和地球等離子體波的E電場頻譜圖；通過有源發聲器觸發等離子體共振 通過三角測量定位波源位置及0.2-80厘米−3範圍內的電子密度。

與中國的雙星任務

2003年和2004年，中國國家航天局發射了雙星衛星"探測1號"(TC-1)和"探測2號"(TC-2)，該任務與星簇2號衛星合作，主要在磁層內進行協作測量。探測1號於2007年10月14日停止運行，探測2號則在2008年發回最後一次數據，探測2號對磁星[11][12]以及磁層物理學研究做出了貢獻研究做出了貢獻。探測1號檢測了地球弓形激波附近的密度洞，這些密度洞可能在弓形激波的形成中發揮了作用[13][14]。此外，它還觀察了中性層的振盪[15]。

獎項

星簇團隊獎

個人獎

發現和任務里程碑

2020年

2019年

2018年

2017年

2016年

2015年

2014年

2013年

2012年

2011年

2010年

2009年

2008年

2007年

2006年

2005年

2004年

2001年–2003年

精選刊物

截至2021年10月31日，所有與星簇和雙星任務有關的3522篇出版物都可以在 歐空局星簇探測任務網刊物區 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）找到。在這些出版物中，有3029篇參考刊物、342篇論文、121篇博士論文和30篇其他類型的論文。

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Cluster (Four Spacecraft Constellation in Concert with SOHO). ESA. [2014-03-13]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-29）. 
  2. ^ Cluster II operations. European Space Agency. [29 November 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2011-12-31）. 
  3. ^ Extended Operations Confirmed for Science Missions. ESA. [6 July 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-13）. 
  4. ^ Cluster 3D Model Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2012-07-07, ESA
  5. ^ {{URL|example.com|可选的显示文本}}
  6. ^ European Space Agency Announces Contest to Name the Cluster Quartet (PDF). XMM-Newton Press Release (European Space Agency). 2000: 4 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2000xmm..pres....4.. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-03-04）. 
  7. ^ Bristol and Cluster – the link. European Space Agency. [2 September 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2013-09-03）. 
  8. ^ Cluster II – Scientific Update and Presentation of Model to the City of Bristol. SpaceRef Interactive Inc. [2021-12-29]. （原始內容存檔於2013-09-03）. 
  9. ^ Cluster – Presentation of model to the city of Bristol and science results overview. European Space Agency. [2021-12-29]. （原始內容存檔於2013-09-03）. 
  10. ^ Extended life for ESA's science missions. ESA. [14 November 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2019-09-04）. 
  11. ^ Schwartz, S.; et al. A γ-ray giant flare from SGR1806-20: evidence for crustal cracking via initial timescales. The Astrophysical Journal. 2005, 627 (2): L129–L132. Bibcode:2005ApJ...627L.129S. S2CID 119371524. arXiv:astro-ph/0504056 可免費查閱. doi:10.1086/432374. 
  12. ^ ESA Science & Technology - Double Star and Cluster observe first evidence of crustal cracking. sci.esa.int. September 21, 2005 [2021-07-14]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-29） （美國英語）. 
  13. ^ ESA Science & Technology - Cluster and Double Star discover density holes in the solar wind. sci.esa.int. June 20, 2006 [2021-07-14]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-29）. 
  14. ^ Britt, Robert Roy. CNN.com - Earth surrounded by giant fizzy bubbles - Jun 20, 2006. www.cnn.com. June 20, 2006 [2021-07-14]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-29）. 
  15. ^ ESA Science & Technology - Cluster and Double Star reveal the extent of neutral sheet oscillations. sci.esa.int. March 30, 2006 [2021-07-14]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-29）. 
  16. ^ Lazar, M.; Pierrard, S. Characteristics of solar wind suprathermal halo electrons. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2020, 642 (A130): A130. Bibcode:2020A&A...642A.130L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038830. 
  17. ^ Hatch, S.M.; Haaland, S. Seasonal and hemispheric asymmetries of F region polar cap plasma density: Swarm and CHAMP observations. J. Geophys. Res. 2020, 125 (11): e2020JA028084. Bibcode:2020JGRA..12528084H. doi:10.1029/2020JA028084 可免費查閱. 
  18. ^ Bakrania, M.R.; Rae, I.J.; Walsh, A.P. Using Dimensionality Reduction and Clustering Techniques to Classify Space Plasma Regimes. Front. Astron. Space Sci. 2020, 7 (80): 80. Bibcode:2020FrASS...7...80B. arXiv:2009.10466 可免費查閱. doi:10.3389/fspas.2020.593516 可免費查閱. 
  19. ^ Zhou, G.; He, H.-Q.; Wan, W. Effects of Solar Activity on Taylor Scale and Correlation Scale in Solar Wind Magnetic Fluctuations. ApJ. Lett. 2020, 899 (L32): L32. Bibcode:2020ApJ...899L..32Z. arXiv:2008.08542 可免費查閱. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abaaa9 可免費查閱. 
  20. ^ Aryan, H.; Agapitov, O.V. Outer Radiation Belt Electron Lifetime Model Based on Combined Van Allen Probes and Cluster VLF Measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 2020, 125 (8): e2020JA028018. Bibcode:2020JGRA..12528018A. doi:10.1029/2020JA028018 可免費查閱. 
  21. ^ Mishin, E.; Streltsov, A. Prebreakup Arc Intensification due to Short Circuiting of Mesoscale Plasma Flows Over the Plasmapause. J. Geophys. Res. 2020, 125 (5): e2019JA027666. Bibcode:2020JGRA..12527666M. doi:10.1029/2019JA027666 可免費查閱. 
  22. ^ Forsyth, C.; Sergeev, V.A.; Henderson, M.G.; Nishimura, Y.; Gallardo-Lacourt, B. Physical Processes of Meso-Scale, Dynamic Auroral Forms. Space Sci. Rev. 2020, 216 (3): 46. Bibcode:2020SSRv..216...46F. doi:10.1007/s11214-020-00665-y 可免費查閱. 
  23. ^ Haaland, S.; Daly, P.W.; Vilenius, E.; Dandouras, I. Suprathermal Fe in the Earth's plasma environment: Cluster RAPID observations. J. Geophys. Res. 2020, 125 (2): e2019JA027596. Bibcode:2020JGRA..12527596H. doi:10.1029/2019JA027596 可免費查閱. 
  24. ^ Nakamura, T.K.M.; Stawarz, J.E.; Hasegawa, H.; Narita, Y.; Franci, L.; Narita, Y.; Nakamura, R.; Nystrom, W.D. Effects of Fluctuating Magnetic Field on the Growth of the Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability at the Earth's Magnetopause. J. Geophys. Res. 2020, 125 (3): e2019JA027515. Bibcode:2020JGRA..12527515N. doi:10.1029/2019JA027515. 
  25. ^ Lai, H.R.; Russell, C.T.; Jia, Y.D.; Connors, M. First observations of the disruption of the Earth's foreshock wave field during magnetic clouds. Geophysical Research Letters. 2019, 46 (24): 14282–14289. doi:10.1029/2019GL085818. 
  26. ^ Turc, L.; Roberts, O.W.; Archer, M.O.; Palmroth, M.; Battarbee, M.; Brito, T.; Ganse, U.; Grandin, M.; Pfau‐Kempf, Y.; Escoubet, C.P.; Dandouras, I. First observations of the disruption of the Earth's foreshock wave field during magnetic clouds (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 2019, 46 (22): 1612–1624 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2019GeoRL..4612644T. doi:10.1029/2019GL084437. hdl:10138/315030 可免費查閱. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-29）. 
  27. ^ Duan, S.; Dai, L.; Wang, C.; Cai, C.; He, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Rème, H.; Dandouras, I. Conjunction Observations of Energetic Oxygen Ions O+ Accumulated in the Sequential Flux Ropes in the High‐Altitude Cusp (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2019, 124 (10): 7912–7922 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2019JGRA..124.7912D. doi:10.1029/2019JA026989. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-29）. 
  28. ^ Connor, H.K.; Carter, J.A. Exospheric neutral hydrogen density at the nominal 10 RE subsolar point deduced from XMM-Newton X-ray observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2019, 124 (3): 1612–1624. Bibcode:2019JGRA..124.1612C. doi:10.1029/2018JA026187 可免費查閱. 
  29. ^ Wang, J.; et al. Asymmetric transport of the Earth's polar outflows by the interplanetary magnetic field. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2019, 881 (2): L34. Bibcode:2019ApJ...881L..34W. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab385d. 
  30. ^ Chen, G.; Fu, H.S.; Zhang, Y.; Li, X.; Ge, Y.S.; Du, A.M.; Liu, C.M.; Xu, Y. Energetic electron acceleration in unconfined reconnection jets. The Astrophysical Journal. 2019, 881 (1): L8. Bibcode:2019ApJ...881L...8C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab3041 可免費查閱. 
  31. ^ Kieokaew, R.; Foullon, C. Kelvin‐Helmholtz waves magnetic curvature and vorticity: Four‐spacecraft Cluster observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2019, 124 (5): 3347–3359. Bibcode:2019JGRA..124.3347K. doi:10.1029/2019JA026484 可免費查閱. 
  32. ^ Damiano, P.A.; Chaston, C.C.; Hull, A.J.; Johnson, J.R. Electron distributions in kinetic scale field line resonances: A comparison of simulations and observations. Geophysical Research Letters. 2018, 45 (12): 5826–5835. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..45.5826D. OSTI 1468802. doi:10.1029/2018GL077748 可免費查閱. 
  33. ^ Dimmock, A.P.; et al. Direct evidence of nonstationary collisionless shocks in space plasmas. Science Advances. 2019, 5 (2): eaau9926. Bibcode:2019SciA....5.9926D. PMC 6392793 可免費查閱. PMID 30820454. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau9926. 
  34. ^ Kruparova, O.; et al. Statistical survey of the terrestrial bow shock observed by the Cluster spacecraft (PDF). J. Geophysical. Res. 2019, 124 (3): 1539–1547 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2019JGRA..124.1539K. doi:10.1029/2018JA026272. hdl:11603/12953 可免費查閱. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-29）. 
  35. ^ Fu, H.S.; Xu, Y.; Vaivads, A.; Khotyaintsev, Y.V. Super-efficient electron acceleration by an isolated magnetic reconnection. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2019, 870 (L22): L22. Bibcode:2019ApJ...870L..22F. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aafa75 可免費查閱. 
  36. ^ Slapak, R.; Nilsson, H. The Oxygen Ion Circulation in The Outer Terrestrial Magnetosphere and Its Dependence on Geomagnetic Activity. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2018, 45 (23): 12,669– 12,676. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..4512669S. doi:10.1029/2018GL079816 可免費查閱. 
  37. ^ Schillings, A.; Nilsson, H.; Slapak, R.; Wintoft, P.; Yamauchi, M.; Wik, M.; Dandouras, I.; Carr, C.M. O+ escape during the extreme space weather event of 4–10 September 2017. Space Weather. 2018, 16 (4): 1363–1376. Bibcode:2018SpWea..16.1363S. doi:10.1029/2018sw001881 可免費查閱. 
  38. ^ Liebert, E.; Nabert, C.; Glassmeier, K.-H. Statistical survey of day-side magnetospheric current flow using Cluster observations: bow shock. Annales Geophysicae. 2018, 36 (4): 1073–1080. Bibcode:2018AnGeo..36.1073L. doi:10.5194/angeo-36-1073-2018 可免費查閱. 
  39. ^ Liu, C.M.; H. S. Fu; D. Cao; Y. Xu; A. Divin. Detection of magnetic nulls around reconnection fronts. The Astrophysical Journal. 2018, 860 (2): 128. Bibcode:2018ApJ...860..128L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac496. 
  40. ^ Coxon, J.C.; Freeman, M.P.; Jackman, C.M.; Forsyth, C.; Rae, I.J.; Fear, R.C. Tailward propagation of magnetic energy density variations with respect to substorm onset times. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2018, 123 (6): 4741–4754. Bibcode:2018JGRA..123.4741C. doi:10.1029/2017JA025147 可免費查閱. 
  41. ^ Masson, A.; Nykyri, K. Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability: lessons learned and ways forward (PDF). Space Science Reviews. 2018, 214 (4): 71 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2018SSRv..214...71M. S2CID 125646793. doi:10.1007/s11214-018-0505-6 可免費查閱. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2022-01-21）. 
  42. ^ Roberts, O. W.; Narita, Y.; Escoubet, C.-P. Three-dimensional density and compressible magnetic structure in solar wind turbulence. Annales Geophysicae. 2018, 36 (2): 527–539. Bibcode:2018AnGeo..36..527R. doi:10.5194/angeo-36-527-2018 可免費查閱. 
  43. ^ Hadid, L. Z.; Sahraoui, F.; Galtier, S.; Huang, S. Y. Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Earth's Magnetosheath: Estimation of the Energy Cascade Rate Using in situ Spacecraft Data. Physical Review Letters. January 2018, 120 (5): 055102. Bibcode:2018PhRvL.120e5102H. PMID 29481187. S2CID 3676068. arXiv:1710.04691 可免費查閱. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.055102. 
  44. ^ Grigorenko, E.E.; Dubyagin, S.; Malykhin, A.; Khotyaintsev, Y.V.; Kronberg, E.A.; Lavraud, B.; Ganushkina, N.Yu. Intense current structures observed at electron kinetic Scales in the near‐Earth magnetotail during dipolarization and substorm current wedge formation. Geophysical Research Letters. 2018, 45 (2): 602–611 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..45..602G. doi:10.1002/2017GL076303. hdl:2027.42/142547 可免費查閱. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-31）. 
  45. ^ Andreeva V. A.; Tsyganenko N. A. Empirical Modeling of the Quiet and Storm Time Geosynchronous Magnetic Field. Space Weather. 2017, 16 (1): 16–36. Bibcode:2018SpWea..16...16A. doi:10.1002/2017SW001684 可免費查閱. 
  46. ^ Roberts, O.W.; Y. Narita; C.P. Escoubet. Direct measurement of anisotropic and asymmetric wave vector Spectrum in ion-scale solar wind turbulence. The Astrophysical Journal. 2017, 851 (1): L11. Bibcode:2017ApJ...851L..11R. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa9bf3 可免費查閱. 
  47. ^ Perrone, D.; O. Alexandrova; O.W. Roberts; S. Lion; C. Lacombe; A. Walsh; M. Maksimovic; I. Zouganelis. Coherent structures at ion scales in the fast solar wind: Cluster observations. The Astrophysical Journal. 2017, 849 (1): 49. Bibcode:2017ApJ...849...49P. S2CID 119050245. arXiv:1709.09644 可免費查閱. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9022. 
  48. ^ Perrone, D.; O. Alexandrova; O.W. Roberts; S. Lion; C. Lacombe; A. Walsh; M. Maksimovic; I. Zouganelis. Near-Earth plasma sheet boundary dynamics during substorm dipolarization. Earth, Planets and Space. 2017, 69 (1): 129. Bibcode:2017EP&S...69..129N. PMC 6961498 可免費查閱. PMID 32009832. doi:10.1186/s40623-017-0707-2. 
  49. ^ Yushkov, E.; A. Petrukovich; A. Artemyev; R. Nakamura. Relationship between electron field-aligned anisotropy and dawn-dusk magnetic field: nine years of Cluster observations in the Earth magnetotail. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2017, 122 (9): 9294–9305. Bibcode:2017JGRA..122.9294Y. doi:10.1002/2016JA023739. 
  50. ^ Giagkiozis, S.; S. N. Walker; S. A. Pope; G. Collinson. Validation of single spacecraft methods for collisionless shock velocity estimation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2017, 122 (8): 8632–8641. Bibcode:2017JGRA..122.8632G. doi:10.1002/2017JA024502 可免費查閱. 
  51. ^ Zhao, L.L.; Zhang, H.; Zong, Q.G. Global ULF waves generated by a hot flow anomaly. Geophysical Research Letters. 2017, 44 (11): 5283–5291. Bibcode:2017GeoRL..44.5283Z. doi:10.1002/2017GL073249 可免費查閱. 
  52. ^ Fu, H.S.; A. Vaivads; Y.V. Khotyaintsev; M. André; J. B. Cao; V. Olshevsky; J. P. Eastwood; A. Retinò. Intermittent energy dissipation by turbulent reconnection. Geophysical Research Letters. 2017, 44 (1): 37–43. Bibcode:2017GeoRL..44...37F. doi:10.1002/2016GL071787. hdl:10044/1/44378 可免費查閱. 
  53. ^ Turc, L.; D. Fontaine; C.P. Escoubet; E.K.J. Kilpua; A.P. Dimmock. Statistical study of the alteration of the magnetic structure of magnetic clouds in the Earth's magnetosheath. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2017, 122 (3): 2956–2972 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2017JGRA..122.2956T. doi:10.1002/2016JA023654. hdl:10138/224163 可免費查閱. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-29）. 
  54. ^ Vines, S.K.; S.A. Fuselier; S.M. Petrinec; K.J. Trattner; R.C. Allen. Occurrence frequency and location of magnetic islands at the dayside magnetopause. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2017, 122 (4): 4138–4155. Bibcode:2017JGRA..122.4138V. doi:10.1002/2016JA023524 可免費查閱. 
  55. ^ Case, N. A.; A. Grocott; S. E. Milan; T. Nagai; J. P. Reistad. An analysis of magnetic reconnection events and their associated auroral enhancements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2017, 122 (2): 2922–2935. Bibcode:2017JGRA..122.2922C. doi:10.1002/2016JA023586 可免費查閱. 
  56. ^ Lugaz, N.; C.J. Farrugia; C.-L. Huang; R.M. Winslow; H.E. Spence; N.A. Schwadron. Earth's magnetosphere and outer radiation belt under sub-Alfvénic solar wind. Nature Communications. 2016, 7: 13001. Bibcode:2016NatCo...713001L. PMC 5063966 可免費查閱. PMID 27694887. doi:10.1038/ncomms13001. 
  57. ^ Moore, T.W.; Nykyri, K.; Dimmock, A.P. Cross-scale energy transport in space plasmas. Nature Physics. 2016, 12 (12): 1164–1169. Bibcode:2016NatPh..12.1164M. doi:10.1038/nphys3869. 
  58. ^ Schmid, D.; R. Nakamura; M. Volwerk; F. Plaschke; Y. Narita; W. Baumjohann; et al. A comparative study of dipolarization fronts at MMS and Cluster. Geophysical Research Letters. 2016, 43 (12): 6012–6019. Bibcode:2016GeoRL..43.6012S. PMC 4949994 可免費查閱. PMID 27478286. doi:10.1002/2016GL069520. 
  59. ^ Parks, G.K.; E. Lee; S.Y. Fu; H.E. Kim; Y.Q. Ma; Z.W. Yang; Y. Liu; N. Lin; J. Hong; P. Canu. Transport of solar wind H+ and He++ ions across Earth's bow shock. The Astrophysical Journal. 2016, 825 (2): L27. Bibcode:2016ApJ...825L..27P. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/825/2/L27 可免費查閱. 
  60. ^ 60.0 60.1 Lee, S.H.; H. Zhang; Q.-G. Zong; A. Otto; H. Rème; E. Liebert. A statistical study of plasmaspheric plumes and ionospheric outflows observed at the dayside magnetopause. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2016, 121 (1): 492–506. Bibcode:2016JGRA..121..492L. doi:10.1002/2015JA021540 可免費查閱. 
  61. ^ 61.0 61.1 Zhang, B.; O.J. Brambles; W. Lotko; J.E. Ouellette; J.G. Lyon. The role of ionospheric O+ outflow in the generation of earthward propagating plasmoids. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2016, 121 (2): 1425–1435. Bibcode:2016JGRA..121.1425Z. doi:10.1002/2015JA021667 可免費查閱. 
  62. ^ Yao, Z.; A.N. Fazakerley; A. Varsani; I.J. Rae; C.J. Owen; et al. Substructures within a dipolarization front revealed by high-temporal resolution Cluster observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2016, 121 (6): 5185–5202. Bibcode:2016JGRA..121.5185Y. doi:10.1002/2015JA022238 可免費查閱. 
  63. ^ L. Turc; C.P. Escoubet; D. Fontaine; E.K.J. Kilpua; S. Enestam. Cone angle control of the interaction of magnetic clouds with the Earth's bow shock. Geophysical Research Letters. 2016, 43 (10): 4781–4789 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2016GeoRL..43.4781T. doi:10.1002/2016GL068818. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-29）. 
  64. ^ Cheng, Z.W.; J.C. Zhang; J.K. Shi; L.M. Kistler; M. Dunlop; I. Dandouras; A. Fazakerley. The particle carriers of field‐aligned currents in the Earth's magnetotail during a substorm. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2016, 121 (4): 3058–3068. Bibcode:2016JGRA..121.3058C. doi:10.1002/2015JA022071 可免費查閱. 
  65. ^ Wang, R.; Q. Lu; R. Nakamura; C. Huang; A. Du; F. Guo; W. Teh; M. Wu; S. Lu; S. Wang. Coalescence of magnetic flux ropes in the ion diffusion region of magnetic reconnection. Nature Physics. 2015, 12 (3): 263–267. Bibcode:2016NatPh..12..263W. doi:10.1038/nphys3578 可免費查閱. 
  66. ^ Décréau, P.M.E.; Aoutou, S.; Denazelle, A.; Galkina, I.; Rauch, J.-L.; Vallières, X.; Canu, P.; Rochel Grimald, S.; El-Lemdani Mazouz, F.; Darrouzet, F. Wide-banded NTC radiation: local to remote observations by the four Cluster satellites. Annales Geophysicae. 2015, 33 (10): 1285–1300. Bibcode:2015AnGeo..33.1285D. doi:10.5194/angeo-33-1285-2015 可免費查閱. 
  67. ^ Eriksson, E.; A. Vaivads; Y. V. Khotyaintsev; V. M. Khotyayintsev; M. André. Statistics and accuracy of magnetic null identification in multispacecraft data. Geophysical Research Letters. 2015, 42 (17): 6883–6889. Bibcode:2015GeoRL..42.6883E. doi:10.1002/2015GL064959 可免費查閱. 
  68. ^ Cai, D.; A. Esmaeili; B. Lembège; K.‐I. Nishikawa. Cusp dynamics under northward IMF using three‐dimensional global particle‐in‐cell simulations (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2015, 120 (10): 8368–8386 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2015JGRA..120.8368C. doi:10.1002/2015JA021230 可免費查閱. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-29）. 
  69. ^ Balikhin, M.A.; Y.Y. Shprits; S.N. Walker; L. Chen; N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin; I. Dandouras; O. Santolik; C. Carr; K.H. Yearby; B. Weiss. Observations of Discrete Harmonics Emerging From Equatorial Noise. Nature Communications. 2015, 6: 7703. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7703B. PMC 4510698 可免費查閱. PMID 26169360. doi:10.1038/ncomms8703. 
  70. ^ Dunlop, M.W.; J.-Y. Yang; Y.-Y. Yang; C. Xiong; H. Lühr; Y. V. Bogdanova; C. Shen; N. Olsen; Q.-H. Zhang; J.-B. Cao; H.-S. Fu; W.-L. Liu; C. M. Carr; P. Ritter; A. Masson; R. Haagmans. Simultaneous field-aligned currents at Swarm and Cluster satellites. Geophysical Research Letters. 2015, 42 (10): 3683–3691. Bibcode:2015GeoRL..42.3683D. doi:10.1002/2015GL063738 可免費查閱. 
  71. ^ Russell, A. J. B.; Karlsson, T.; Wright, A. N. Magnetospheric signatures of ionospheric density cavities observed by Cluster (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2015, 120 (3): 1876–1887 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2015JGRA..120.1876R. doi:10.1002/2014JA020937 可免費查閱. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-29）. 
  72. ^ Russell, A.J.B.; T. Karlsson; A.N. Wright. Magnetospheric signatures of ionospheric density cavities observed by Cluster (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2015, 120 (3): 1876–1887 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2015JGRA..120.1876R. doi:10.1002/2014JA020937 可免費查閱. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-29）. 
  73. ^ Maes, L.; Maggiolo, R.; De Keyser, J.; Dandouras, I.; Fear, R.C.; Fontaine, D.; Haaland, S. Solar illumination control of ionospheric outflow above polar cap arcs. Geophysical Research Letters. 2015, 42 (5): 1304–1311. Bibcode:2015GeoRL..42.1304M. doi:10.1002/2014GL062972 可免費查閱. 
  74. ^ Fear, R.C.; S.E. Milan; R. Maggiolo; A.N. Fazakerley; I. Dandouras; S.B. Mende. Direct observation of closed magnetic flux trapped in the high latitude magnetosphere (PDF). Science. 2014, 346 (6216): 1506–1510 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1506F. PMID 25525244. S2CID 21017912. doi:10.1126/science.1257377. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-07-30）. 
  75. ^ Zhongwei, Y.; Y.D. Liu; G.K. Parks; P. Wu; C. Huang; R. Shi; R. Wang; H. Hu. Full particle electromagnetic simulations of entropy generation across a collisionless shock. The Astrophysical Journal. 2014, 793 (1): L11. Bibcode:2014ApJ...793L..11Y. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/793/1/L11 可免費查閱. 
  76. ^ Kozyra; et al. Solar filament impact on 21 January 2005: Geospace consequences. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2014, 119 (7): 2169–9402. Bibcode:2014JGRA..119.5401K. doi:10.1002/2013JA019748. hdl:2027.42/108315 可免費查閱. 
  77. ^ Walsh, A. P.; Haaland, S.; Forsyth, C.; Keesee, A. M.; Kissinger, J.; Li, K.; Runov, A.; Soucek, J.; Walsh, B. M.; Wing, S.; Taylor, M.G.G.T. Dawn–dusk asymmetries in the coupled solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere system: a review. Annales Geophysicae. 2014, 32 (7): 705–737. Bibcode:2014AnGeo..32..705W. S2CID 55038191. arXiv:1701.04701 可免費查閱. doi:10.5194/angeo-32-705-2014. 
  78. ^ Graham, D.B.; Yu. V. Khotyaintsev; A. Vaivads; M. Andre; A. N. Fazakerley. Electron Dynamics in the Diffusion Region of Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection. Physical Review Letters. 2014, 112 (21): 215004. Bibcode:2014PhRvL.112u5004G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.215004 可免費查閱. 
  79. ^ Luo, H.; E. A. Kronberg; E. E. Grigorenko; M. Fränz; P. W. Daly; G. X. Chen; A. M. Du; L. M. Kistler; Y. Wei. Evidence of strong energetic ion acceleration in the near‐Earth magnetotail. Geophysical Research Letters. 2014, 41 (11): 3724–3730. Bibcode:2014GeoRL..41.3724L. doi:10.1002/2014GL060252 可免費查閱. 
  80. ^ Tsyganenko, N. Data-based modeling of the geomagnetosphere with an IMF-dependent magnetopause. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2014, 119 (1): 335–354. Bibcode:2014JGRA..119..335T. doi:10.1002/2013JA019346. 
  81. ^ Shen, C.; Y.Y. Yang; Z.J. Rong; X. Li; M. Dunlop; C.M. Carr; Z.X. Liu; D.N. Baker; Z.Q. Chen; Y. Ji; G. Zeng. Direct calculation of the ring current distribution and magnetic structure seen by Cluster during geomagnetic storms. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2014, 119 (4): 2458–2465. Bibcode:2014JGRA..119.2458S. doi:10.1002/2013JA019460 可免費查閱. 
  82. ^ Nakamura, R.; T. Karlsson; M. Hamrin; H. Nilsson; O. Marghitu; O. Amm; C. Bunescu; V. Constantinescu; H.U. Frey; A. Keiling; J. Semeter; E. Sorbalo; J. Vogt; C. Forsyth; M.V. Kubyshkina. Low-altitude electron acceleration due to multiple flow bursts in the magnetotail. Geophysical Research Letters. 2014, 41 (3): 777–784. Bibcode:2014GeoRL..41..777N. doi:10.1002/2013GL058982 可免費查閱. 
  83. ^ Décréau, P.M.E.; et al. Remote sensing of a NTC radio source from a Cluster tilted spacecraft pair. Annales eophysicae. 2013, 31 (11): 2097–2121. Bibcode:2013AnGeo..31.2097D. doi:10.5194/angeo-31-2097-2013 可免費查閱. 
  84. ^ Haaland, S.; J. Gjerloev. On the relation between asymmetries in the ring current and magnetopause current. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2013, 118 (7): 7593–7604. Bibcode:2013JGRA..118.7593H. doi:10.1002/jgra.50239. hdl:2027.42/99669 可免費查閱. 
  85. ^ Darrouzet, F.; et al. Links between the plasmapause and the radiation belt boundaries as observed by the instruments CIS, RAPID, and WHISPER onboard Cluster. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2013, 118 (7): 4176–4188. Bibcode:2013JGRA..118.4176D. doi:10.1002/jgra.50239. hdl:2027.42/99669 可免費查閱. 
  86. ^ Fu, H.S.; et al. Energetic electron acceleration by unsteady magnetic reconnection. Nature Physics. 2013, 9 (7): 426–430. Bibcode:2013NatPh...9..426F. doi:10.1038/nphys2664 可免費查閱. 
  87. ^ Dandouras, I. Detection of a plasmaspheric wind in the Earth's magnetosphere by the Cluster spacecraft 31 (7): 1143–1153. 2013. Bibcode:2013AnGeo..31.1143D. doi:10.5194/angeo-31-1143-2013 可免費查閱.  已忽略未知參數|journa= (幫助)
  88. ^ Viberg, H.; et al. Mapping High-Frequency Waves in the Reconnection Diffusion Region. Geophysical Research Letters. 2013, 40 (6): 1032–1037. Bibcode:2013GeoRL..40.1032V. doi:10.1002/grl.50227 可免費查閱. 
  89. ^ Cao, J.; et al. Kinetic analysis of the energy transport of bursty bulk flows in the plasma sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2013, 118 (1): 313–320. Bibcode:2013JGRA..118..313C. doi:10.1029/2012JA018351 可免費查閱. 
  90. ^ Perri, S.; et al. Detection of small scale structures in the dissipation regime of solar wind turbulence. Physical Review Letters. 2012, 109 (19): 191101. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.109s1101P. PMID 23215371. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.191101. 
  91. ^ Hwang, K.-J.; et al. The first in situ observation of Kelvin-Helmholtz waves at high-latitude magnetopause during strongly dawnward interplanetary magnetic field conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2012, 117 (A8): A08233. Bibcode:2012JGRA..117.8233H. doi:10.1029/2011JA017256. hdl:2060/20140009615 可免費查閱. 
  92. ^ Norgren, C.; et al. Lower hybrid drift waves: space observations. Physical Review Letters. 2012, 109 (5): 55001. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.109e5001N. PMID 23006181. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.055001. 
  93. ^ Nykyri, K.; et al. On the origin of high-energy particles in the cusp diamagnetic cavity. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 2012, 87–88 (Special Issue on Physical Process in the Cusp: Plasma Transport and Energization): 70–81. Bibcode:2012JASTP..87...70N. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2011.08.012. 
  94. ^ Wei, Y.; et al. Enhanced atmospheric oxygen outflow on Earth and Mars driven by a corotating interaction region. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2012, 117 (A16): 3208. Bibcode:2012JGRA..117.3208W. doi:10.1029/2011JA017340 可免費查閱. 
  95. ^ Egedal, J.; et al. Large-scale electron acceleration by parallel electric fields during magnetic reconnection. Nature Physics. 2012, 8 (4): 321–324. Bibcode:2012NatPh...8..321E. doi:10.1038/nphys2249 可免費查閱. 
  96. ^ André, M.; C.M. Cully. Low-energy ions: A previously hidden solar system particle population, in press. Geophysical Research Letters. February 2012, 39 (3): n/a. Bibcode:2012GeoRL..39.3101A. doi:10.1029/2011GL050242 可免費查閱. 
  97. ^ Schwartz, S.J.; et al. Electron temperature gradient scale at collisionless shocks (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 2011, 107 (21): 215002 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.107u5002S. PMID 22181889. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.215002. hdl:10044/1/18881 可免費查閱. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-29）. 
  98. ^ Shay, M.A.; et al. Super-Alfvénic Propagation of Substorm Reconnection Signature and Poynting Flux. Physical Review Letters. 2011, 107 (6): 065001. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.107f5001S. PMID 21902330. arXiv:1104.0922 可免費查閱. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.065001. 
  99. ^ Turner, A.J.; et al. Nonaxisymmetric Anisotropy of Solar Wind Turbulence. Physical Review Letters. 2011, 107 (9): 095002. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.107i5002T. PMID 21929247. S2CID 736486. arXiv:1106.2023 可免費查閱. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.095002. 
  100. ^ Khotyaintsev, Y.; et al. Plasma Jet Braking: Energy Dissipation and Nonadiabatic Electrons (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 2011, 106 (16): 165001 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.106p5001K. PMID 21599373. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.165001. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-09-22）. 
  101. ^ Marklund, G.T.; et al. Altitude distribution of the auroral acceleration potential determined from Cluster satellite data at different heights. Physical Review Letters. 2011, 106 (5): 055002. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.106e5002M. PMID 21405403. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.055002 可免費查閱. 
  102. ^ Echim, M.; et al. Comparative investigation of the terrestrial and Venusian magnetopause: Kinetic modeling and experimental observations by Cluster and Venus Express. Planetary and Space Science. 2011, 59 (10): 1028–1038. Bibcode:2011P&SS...59.1028E. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2010.04.019. 
  103. ^ Sahraoui, F.; et al. Three dimensional anisotropic k spectra of turbulence at subproton scales in the solar wind. Physical Review Letters. 2010, 105 (13): 131101. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.105m1101S. PMID 21230758. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.131101. 
  104. ^ Masson, A.; et al, A decade revealing the Sun-Earth connection in three dimensions, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2011, 92 (1): 4, Bibcode:2011EOSTr..92Q...4M, doi:10.1029/2011EO010007 可免費查閱 
  105. ^ Kistler, L.M.; et al. Cusp as a source for oxygen in the plasma sheet during geomagnetic storms. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2010, 115 (A3): A03209. Bibcode:2010JGRA..115.3209K. doi:10.1029/2009JA014838 可免費查閱. 
  106. ^ Yuan, Z.; et al. Link between EMIC waves in a plasmaspheric plume and a detached sub-auroral proton arc with observations of Cluster and IMAGE satellites (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 2010, 37 (7): L07108 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2010GeoRL..37.7108Y. doi:10.1029/2010GL042711. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-29）. 
  107. ^ Laakso, Harri; Taylor, Matthew; Escoubet, C. Philippe. Laakso, H.; et al , 編. The Cluster Active Archive – Studying the Earth's Space Plasma Environment. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings 11. Astrophys. & Space Sci. Proc. series, Springer. 2010: 1–489 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2010ASSP...11.....L. ISBN 978-90-481-3498-4. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3499-1. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-02）. 
  108. ^ Hietala, H.; et al. Supermagnetosonic jets behind a collisionless quasiparallel shock. Physical Review Letters. 2009, 103 (24): 245001. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.103x5001H. PMID 20366203. S2CID 12557772. arXiv:0911.1687 可免費查閱. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.245001. 
  109. ^ Zong, Q.-G.; et al. Energetic electron response to ULF waves induced by interplanetary shocks in the outer radiation belt. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2009, 114 (A10): A10204. Bibcode:2009JGRA..11410204Z. doi:10.1029/2009JA014393 可免費查閱. 
  110. ^ Dunlop, M.; et al. Reconnection at High Latitudes: Antiparallel Merging. Physical Review Letters. 2009, 102 (7): 075005. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.102g5005D. PMID 19257682. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.075005. 
  111. ^ Sahraoui, F.; et al. Evidence of a cascade and dissipation of solar-wind turbulence at the electron gyroscale. Physical Review Letters. 2009, 102 (23): 231102. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.102w1102S. PMID 19658919. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.231102. 
  112. ^ Dandouras, I.; et al. Magnetosphere response to the 2005 and 2006 extreme solar events as observed by the Cluster and Double Star spacecraft. Advances in Space Research. 2009, 43 (23): 618–623. Bibcode:2009AdSpR..43..618D. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.015. 
  113. ^ Yordanova, E.; et al. Magnetosheath plasma turbulence and its spatiotemporal evolution as observed by the Cluster spacecraft. Physical Review Letters. 2008, 100 (20): 205003. Bibcode:2008PhRvL.100t5003Y. PMID 18518544. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.205003. 
  114. ^ Engwall, E.; et al. Magnetosheath plasma turbulence and its spatiotemporal evolution as observed by the Cluster spacecraft. Nature Geoscience. 2009, 2 (1): 24–27. Bibcode:2009NatGe...2...24E. doi:10.1038/ngeo387. 
  115. ^ Eastwood, J.; et al. The science of space weather. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2008, 366 (1884): 4489–4500. Bibcode:2008RSPTA.366.4489E. PMID 18812302. S2CID 49410. doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0161. 
  116. ^ Kronberg, E.; et al. Comparison of periodic substorms at Jupiter and Earth. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2008, 113: A04212. Bibcode:2008JGRA..11304212K. doi:10.1029/2007JA012880 可免費查閱. 
  117. ^ Nilsson, H.; et al. An assessment of the role of the centrifugal acceleration mechanism in high altitude polar cap oxygen ion outflow. Annales Geophysicae. 2008, 26 (1): 145–157. Bibcode:2008AnGeo..26..145N. doi:10.5194/angeo-26-145-2008 可免費查閱. 
  118. ^ He, J.-S.; et al. Electron trapping around a magnetic null (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 2008, 35 (14): L14104 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2008GeoRL..3514104H. doi:10.1029/2008GL034085 可免費查閱. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-07-23）. 
  119. ^ He, J.-S.; et al. A magnetic null geometry reconstructed from Cluster spacecraft observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2008, 113 (A5): A05205. Bibcode:2008JGRA..113.5205H. doi:10.1029/2007JA012609 可免費查閱. 
  120. ^ Mutel, R.L.; et al. Cluster multispacecraft determination of AKR angular beaming. Geophysical Research Letters. 2008, 35 (7): L07104. Bibcode:2008GeoRL..35.7104M. S2CID 18143005. arXiv:0803.0078 可免費查閱. doi:10.1029/2008GL033377. 
  121. ^ Wei, X.H.; et al. Cluster observations of waves in the whistler frequency range associated with magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2007, 112 (A10): A10225. Bibcode:2007JGRA..11210225W. doi:10.1029/2006JA011771 可免費查閱. 
  122. ^ Trines, R.; et al. Spontaneous Generation of Self-Organized Solitary Wave Structures at Earth's Magnetopause (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 2007, 99 (20): 205006 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..99t5006T. PMID 18233152. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.205006. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-10-31）. 
  123. ^ Phan, T.; et al. Evidence for an Elongated (>60 Ion Skin Depths) Electron Diffusion Region during Fast Magnetic Reconnection. Physical Review Letters. 2007, 99 (25): 255002. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..99y5002P. PMID 18233527. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.255002. 
  124. ^ Grigorenko, E.E.; et al. Spatial-Temporal characteristics of ion beamlets in the plasma sheet boundary layer of magnetotail. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2007, 112 (A5): A05218. Bibcode:2007JGRA..112.5218G. doi:10.1029/2006JA011986 可免費查閱. 
  125. ^ Lavraud, B.; et al. Strong bulk plasma acceleration in Earth's magnetosheath: A magnetic slingshot effect?. Geophysical Research Letters. 2007, 34 (14): L14102. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..3414102L. doi:10.1029/2007GL030024. hdl:2027.42/94743 可免費查閱. 
  126. ^ Rosenqvist, L.; et al. An unusual giant spiral arc in the polar cap region during the northward phase of a Coronal Mass Ejection. Annales Geophysicae. 2007, 25 (2): 507–517. Bibcode:2007AnGeo..25..507R. doi:10.5194/angeo-25-507-2007 可免費查閱. 
  127. ^ Lui, A.T.Y.; et al. Breakdown of the frozen-in condition in the Earth's magnetotail. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2007, 112 (A4): A04215. Bibcode:2007JGRA..112.4215L. doi:10.1029/2006JA012000 可免費查閱. 
  128. ^ Haaland, S.E.; et al. High-latitude plasma convection from Cluster EDI measurements: method and IMF-dependence. Annales Geophysicae. 2007, 25 (1): 239–253. Bibcode:2007AnGeo..25..239H. doi:10.5194/angeo-25-239-2007 可免費查閱. 
  129. ^ Förster, M.; et al. High-latitude plasma convection from Cluster EDI: variances and solar wind correlations. Annales Geophysicae. 2007, 25 (7): 1691–1707. Bibcode:2007AnGeo..25.1691F. doi:10.5194/angeo-25-1691-2007 可免費查閱. 
  130. ^ Sergeev, V.; Semenov, V.; Kubyshkina, M.; Ivanova, V.; Baumjohann, W.; Nakamura, R.; Penz, T.; Runov, A.; Zhang, T. L.; Glassmeier, K.-H.; Angelopoulos, V.; Frey, H.; Sauvaud, J.-A.; Daly, P.; Cao, J. B.; Singer, H.; Lucek, E. Observation of repeated intense near-Earth reconnection on closed field lines with Cluster, Double Star, and other spacecraft. Geophysical Research Letters. 2007, 34 (2): L02103. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..34.2103S. doi:10.1029/2006GL028452 可免費查閱. 
  131. ^ Rae, J.; et al. Evolution and characteristics of global Pc5 ULF waves during a high solar wind speed interval (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 2005, 110 (A12): A12211. Bibcode:2005JGRA..11012211R. doi:10.1029/2005JA011007 可免費查閱. 
  132. ^ Zong, Q.-G.; et al. Ultralow frequency modulation of energetic particles in the dayside magnetosphere. Geophysical Research Letters. 2007, 34 (12): L12105. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..3412105Z. doi:10.1029/2007GL029915 可免費查閱. 
  133. ^ Xiao, C.J.; et al. Satellite observations of separator-line geometry of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection. Nature Physics. 2007, 3 (9): 603–607. Bibcode:2007NatPh...3..609X. S2CID 119637705. arXiv:0705.1021 可免費查閱. doi:10.1038/nphys650. 
  134. ^ Lobzin, V.V.; et al. Nonstationarity and reformation of high-Mach-number quasiperpendicular shocks: Cluster observations (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 2007, 34 (5): L05107 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..3405107L. doi:10.1029/2006GL029095 可免費查閱. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-29）. 
  135. ^ Lui, A.T.Y.; et al. Cluster observation of plasma flow reversal in the magnetotail during a substorm. Annales Geophysicae. 2006, 24 (7): 2005–2013. Bibcode:2006AnGeo..24.2005L. doi:10.5194/angeo-24-2005-2006 可免費查閱. 
  136. ^ Retinò, A.; et al. In situ evidence of magnetic reconnection in turbulent plasma. Nature Physics. 2007, 3 (4): 236–238. Bibcode:2007NatPh...3..236R. doi:10.1038/nphys574 可免費查閱. 
  137. ^ 137.0 137.1 Henderson, P.; et al. Cluster PEACE observations of electron pressure tensor divergence in the magnetotail (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 2006, 33 (22): L22106 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2006GeoRL..3322106H. doi:10.1029/2006GL027868 可免費查閱. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-09-22）. 
  138. ^ Marklund, G.; et al. Cluster observations of an auroral potential and associated field-aligned current reconfiguration during thinning of the plasma sheet boundary layer. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 2007, 112 (A1): n/a. Bibcode:2007JGRA..112.1208M. doi:10.1029/2006JA011804. 
  139. ^ Nykyri, K.; et al. Cluster observations of reconnection due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the dawnside agnetospheric flank. Annales Geophysicae. 2006, 24 (10): 2619–2643. Bibcode:2006AnGeo..24.2619N. doi:10.5194/angeo-24-2619-2006 可免費查閱. 
  140. ^ Darrouzet, F.; et al. Spatial gradients in the plasmasphere from Cluster. Geophysical Research Letters. 2006, 33 (8): L08105. Bibcode:2006GeoRL..33.8105D. doi:10.1029/2006GL025727 可免費查閱. 
  141. ^ Darrouzet, F.; et al. Analysis of plasmaspheric plumes: CLUSTER and IMAGE observations. Annales Geophysicae. 2006, 24 (6): 1737–1758. Bibcode:2006AnGeo..24.1737D. doi:10.5194/angeo-24-1737-2006 可免費查閱. 
  142. ^ Marchaudon, A.; et al. Simultaneous Double Star and Cluster FTEs observations on the dawnside flank of the magnetosphere. Annales Geophysicae. 2005, 23 (8): 2877–2887. Bibcode:2005AnGeo..23.2877M. doi:10.5194/angeo-23-2877-2005 可免費查閱. 
  143. ^ Cao, J.B.; et al. Joint observations by Cluster satellites of bursty bulk flows in the magnetotail. Journal of Geophysical Research. 2006, 111 (A4): A04206. Bibcode:2006JGRA..111.4206C. doi:10.1029/2005JA011322 可免費查閱. 
  144. ^ Xiao, C.J.; et al. In situ evidence for the structure of the magnetic null in a 3D reconnection event in the Earth's magnetotail. Nature Physics. 2006, 2 (7): 478–483. Bibcode:2006NatPh...2..478X. S2CID 18921009. arXiv:physics/0606014 可免費查閱. doi:10.1038/nphys342. 
  145. ^ Parks, G.; et al. Larmor radius size density holes discovered in the solar wind upstream of Earth's bow shock. Physics of Plasmas. 2006, 13 (5): 050701. Bibcode:2006PhPl...13e0701P. doi:10.1063/1.2201056. 
  146. ^ Mozer, F.; et al. Spatial gradients in the plasmasphere from Cluster. Geophysical Research Letters. 2005, 32 (24): L24102. Bibcode:2005GeoRL..3224102M. doi:10.1029/2005GL024092 可免費查閱. 
  147. ^ Zhang, T.L..; et al. Double Star/Cluster observation of neutral sheet oscillations on 5 August 2004. Annales Geophysicae. 2005, 23 (8): 2909–2914. Bibcode:2005AnGeo..23.2909Z. doi:10.5194/angeo-23-2909-2005 可免費查閱. 
  148. ^ Sahraoui, F.; et al. Anisotropic turbulent spectra in the terrestrial magnetosheath: Cluster observations (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 2006, 96 (7): 075002 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..96g5002S. PMID 16606099. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.075002. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-29）. 
  149. ^ Phan, T.; et al. A magnetic reconnection X-line extending more than 390 Earth radii in the solar wind. Nature. 2006, 439 (7073): 175–178. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..175P. PMID 16407946. S2CID 4381256. doi:10.1038/nature04393. 
  150. ^ Horne, R.B.; et al. Wave acceleration of electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts. Nature. 2005, 437 (7056): 227–230. Bibcode:2005Natur.437..227H. PMID 16148927. S2CID 1530882. doi:10.1038/nature03939. 
  151. ^ Sundkvist, D.; et al. In situ multi-satellite detection of coherent vortices as a manifestation of Alfvénic turbulence. Nature. 2005, 436 (7052): 825–828. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..825S. PMID 16094363. S2CID 4430255. doi:10.1038/nature03931. 
  152. ^ Vallat, C.; et al. First current density measurements in the ring current region using simultaneous multi-spacecraft CLUSTER-FGM data. Annales Geophysicae. 2005, 23 (5): 1849–1865. Bibcode:2005AnGeo..23.1849V. doi:10.5194/angeo-23-1849-2005 可免費查閱. 
  153. ^ Øieroset, M.; et al. Global cooling and densification of the plasma sheet during an extended period of purely northward IMF on October 22–24, 2003. Geophysical Research Letters. 2005, 32 (12): L12S07. Bibcode:2005GeoRL..3212S07O. doi:10.1029/2004GL021523 可免費查閱. 
  154. ^ Li, W.; et al. Plasma sheet formation during long period of northward IMF. Geophysical Research Letters. 2005, 32 (12): L12S08. Bibcode:2005GeoRL..3212S08L. doi:10.1029/2004GL021524 可免費查閱. 
  155. ^ Louarn, P.; et al. Cluster observations of complex 3D magnetic structures at the magnetopause. Geophysical Research Letters. 2004, 31 (19): L19805. Bibcode:2004GeoRL..3119805L. doi:10.1029/2004GL020625 可免費查閱. 
  156. ^ Nakamura, R.; et al. Spatial scale of high-speed flows in the plasma sheet observed by Cluster. Geophysical Research Letters. 2004, 31 (9): L09804. Bibcode:2004GeoRL..31.9804N. doi:10.1029/2004GL019558 可免費查閱. 
  157. ^ Knetter, T.; et al. Four-point discontinuity observations using Cluster magnetic field data: A statistical survey. Journal of Geophysical Research. 2004, 109 (A6): A06102. Bibcode:2004JGRA..109.6102K. doi:10.1029/2003JA010099. 
  158. ^ Décréau, P.; et al. Observation of continuum radiations from the Cluster fleet: first results from direction finding. Annales Geophysicae. 2004, 22 (7): 2607–2624. Bibcode:2004AnGeo..22.2607D. doi:10.5194/angeo-22-2607-2004 可免費查閱. 
  159. ^ Hasegawa, H.; et al. Transport of solar wind into Earth's magnetosphere through rolled-up Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices. Nature. 2004, 430 (7001): 755–758. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..755H. PMID 15306802. S2CID 4335442. doi:10.1038/nature02799. 
  160. ^ Sergeev, V.; et al. Orientation and propagation of current sheet oscillations. Geophysical Research Letters. 2004, 31 (5): L05807. Bibcode:2004GeoRL..31.5807S. doi:10.1029/2003GL019346 可免費查閱. 
  161. ^ Zong, Q.-G.; et al. Triple cusps observed by Cluster-Temporal or spatial effect?. Geophysical Research Letters. 2004, 31 (9): L09810. Bibcode:2004GeoRL..3109810Z. doi:10.1029/2003GL019128. 
  162. ^ Bale, S.; et al. Density-Transition Scale at Quasiperpendicular Collisionless Shocks. Physical Review Letters. 2003, 91 (26): 265004. Bibcode:2003PhRvL..91z5004B. PMID 14754061. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.265004. 
  163. ^ Frey, H.; et al. Continuous magnetic reconnection at Earth's magnetopause. Nature. 2003, 426 (6966): 533–537. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..533F. PMID 14654835. S2CID 4421604. doi:10.1038/nature02084. 
  164. ^ Runov, A.; et al. Current sheet structure near magnetic X-line observed by Cluster. Geophysical Research Letters. 2003, 30 (10): 1579. Bibcode:2003GeoRL..30.1579R. doi:10.1029/2002GL016730 可免費查閱. 
  165. ^ Phan, T.; et al. Simultaneous Cluster and IMAGE Observations of Cusp Reconnection and Auroral Spot for Northward IMF. Geophysical Research Letters. 2003, 30 (10): n/a. Bibcode:2003GeoRL..30.1509P. doi:10.1029/2003GL016885. 
  166. ^ Runov, A.; Nakamura, R.; Baumjohann, W.; Zhang, T. L.; Volwerk, M.; Eichelberger, H.-U.; Balogh, A. Cluster observation of a bifurcated current sheet. Geophysical Research Letters. 2003-01-17, 30 (2): 1036 [2023-03-13]. Bibcode:2003GeoRL..30.1036R. doi:10.1029/2002GL016136. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-13）. 
  167. ^ Dunlop, M.; et al. Four-point Cluster application of magnetic field analysis tools: The Curlometer. Journal of Geophysical Research. 2002, 107 (A11): 1384. Bibcode:2002JGRA..107.1384D. doi:10.1029/2001JA005088. 
  168. ^ Nakamura, R.; et al. Fast flow during current sheet thinning (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 2002, 29 (23): 2140 [2021-12-29]. Bibcode:2002GeoRL..29.2140N. doi:10.1029/2002GL016200 可免費查閱. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-29）. 
  169. ^ Baker, D.N.; et al. A telescopic and microscopic view of a magnetospheric substorm on 31 March 2001. Geophysical Research Letters. 2002, 29 (18): 1862. Bibcode:2002GeoRL..29.1862B. doi:10.1029/2001GL014491 可免費查閱. 
  170. ^ Marklund, G.; et al. Temporal evolution of the electric field accelerating electrons away from the auroral ionosphere. Nature. 2001, 414 (6865): 724–727. Bibcode:2001Natur.414..724M. PMID 11742392. S2CID 4418541. doi:10.1038/414724a. 
  171. ^ Décréau, P.; et al. Early results from the Whisper instrument on Cluster: an overview. Annales Geophysicae. 2001, 19 (10/12): 1241–1258. Bibcode:2001AnGeo..19.1241D. doi:10.5194/angeo-19-1241-2001 可免費查閱. 
  172. ^ Paschmann, G.; S.J. Schwartz; C.P. Escoubet; S. Haal bibcode = 2005ombc.book.....P (編). Outer Magnetospheric Boundaries: Cluster Results. reprinted from Space Sci. Rev., 118, 1–4, Springer, Berlin. 2005: 1–434. 

外部連結

取自 "https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=星簇2号&oldid=84102896"