南非狐
南非狐
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| 正在捕食普通珠雞的南非狐，攝於納米比亞埃托沙國家公園 | |
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| 幼仔 | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
| 綱： | 哺乳綱 Mammalia |
| 目： | 食肉目 Carnivora |
| 科： | 犬科 Canidae |
| 屬： | 狐屬 Vulpes |
| 種： | 南非狐 V. chama
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| 二名法 | |
| Vulpes chama (A Smith, 1833)
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| 南非狐的分佈範圍 | |
| 異名 | |
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南非狐（學名：Vulpes chama）是原產於南部非洲的一種小型狐狸[2]，也是漠南非洲唯一的狐屬物種，且為該屬演化樹上較基部的類群，因而可能保有較多祖徵[3]。本種的體長（不含尾）約為45—62公分；尾長30—40公分；肩高30—35公分；體重2.5—4.5公斤；毛色為銀灰色、耳後為黃棕色、耳廓中有白色的毛[4]；下腹與四肢顏色較軀幹更接近黃棕色[5][6]；尾部毛色為銀色至淡黃棕色，基部則為黑色[4]；無兩性異型[7]。
南非狐分佈於南部非洲的乾燥與半乾燥地區，以及南非西部的弗因博斯等較潮濕的地帶[1]，分佈範圍北至安哥拉西南部[8]。本種為夜行性動物，在黃昏與拂曉時較為活躍，白天常在地洞中歇息，可挖掘自己的地洞或使用跳兔等其他動物挖掘的地洞[3]。本種一般為獨居生活[9]；食性為雜食性，以小型哺乳類、鳥類、昆蟲、腐肉與植株為食[10]。
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Hoffmann, M. Vulpes chama. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014, 2014: e.T23060A46126992 [11 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T23060A46126992.en
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- ^ Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (編). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. NLC 001238428.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Child MF, Roxburgh L, Do Linh San E, Raimondo D, Davies-Mostert HT. The red list of mammals of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho (報告). South Africa: South African National Biodiversity Institute and Endangered Wildlife Trust. 2016.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Lavoie, Maxime; Renard, Aurélie; Pitt, Justin A.; Larivière, Serge. Vulpes chama (Carnivora: Canidae). Mammalian Species. 2019, 51 (972): 11–17. ISSN 0076-3519. S2CID 198261483. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sez002 .
- ^ Sheldon, Jennifer W. Wild dogs: the natural history of the non-domestic Canidae. San Diego: Academic Press. 1992: 168–171. ISBN 9781483263694.
- ^ Clutton-Brock, Juliet; Corbet, Gordon B; Hills, Michael. A review of the family Canidae, with a classification by numerical methods. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 1976, 29: 117–199. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.6922 .
- ^ Kieser JA, Groeneveld HT. Comparative morphology of the mandibulodental complex in wild and domestic canids.. Journal of Anatomy. June 1992, 180 (Pt 3): 419–424. PMC 1259643 . PMID 1487435.
- ^ Crawford-Cabral JC. Distributional data and notes on Angolan carnivores (Mammalia: Carnivora) I. Small and median-sizes species. Garcia de Orta Serie de Zoologia (Lisbon). 1989, 14 (2): 3–27.
- ^ Nel, J.A.J. Behavioural ecology of canids in the South-Western Kalahari. Koedoe. 1 December 1984, 27 (2): 229–235. doi:10.4102/koedoe.v27i2.582 .
- ^ Klare, Unn; Kamler, Jan F.; Macdonald, David W. Seasonal diet and numbers of prey consumed by Cape foxes Vulpes chama in South Africa. Wildlife Biology. June 2014, 20 (3): 190–195. S2CID 86020958. doi:10.2981/wlb.00006 .
