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File:Hepburn Stewart Philadelphia Story.jpg

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描述
  • Cropped section of a publicity photograph for the 1940 film The Philadalphia Story, featuring its stars Katharine Hepburn and James Stewart.
  • Such images were taken on set during filming, or as part of an organized photo-shoot, by a studio photographer. They were then disseminated to the public and the media for widespread promotion (see Film still).

Public domain explanation

  • The full photograph does not clearly contain the copyright symbol ©, the word "Copyright", or the abbreviation "Copr.", as then required for copyright.
  • If one looks at other film stills from The Philadelphia Story where a stock code can be seen, none of these include a copyright notice: [1] [2] [3] This suggests that none of the production stills for the film were published with a copyright notice.
  • By publishing a photograph without such a notice, under the terms of the 1909 Copyright Act (which was law until 1978) the image went into the public domain.
  • If there is any chance that the photograph was copyrighted, under the terms of the 1909 Copyright Act it would have had to be renewed 28 years after publication. A search for copyright renewal records of 1968 ([4], [5]) reveal no trace that this occurred.

Film industry author Gerald Mast has written:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills ... Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible." (Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87.)
日期
来源 [6]. This is definitely a publicity still and not a screenshot as the exact image never appears in the film, and the quality is too high (see two screenshots from the film's trailer here and here for comparison).
作者 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio (work for hire)
授权
(二次使用本文件)
Public domain
本作品属于公有领域,因为其是于1929~1963年之间在美国出版,且无论其是否具有著作权声明,它并未进行著作权更新。更多信息请参考Commons:Hirtle chart/zh著作权更新日志。请注意该作品在其他对美国作品不适用较短期限法则的司法管辖区仍然受著作权保护(基于作者的逝世日期),如加拿大(作者过世后70年)、中国大陆(作者过世后50年,不包括香港和澳门)、德国(作者过世后70年)、墨西哥(作者过世后100年)、瑞士(作者过世后70年)及其他有本地条约的国家。

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