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DEAD box

维基百科，自由的百科全书
（重定向自DEAD盒）
DEAD/DEAH box RNA解旋酶
釀酒酵母的eIF4A結構（1qva）[1]
鑑定
標誌DEAD
PfamPF00270（旧版）
Pfam宗系CL0023（旧版）
InterPro（英语：InterPro）IPR011545
PROSITE（英语：PROSITE）PDOC00039
SCOP（英语：Structural Classification of Proteins）1qva / SUPFAM
CDD（英语：Conserved Domain Database）cd00268

DEAD box為一蛋白質家族的通稱，在原核生物與真核生物細胞中皆有，因其中一個結構域有一天門冬胺酸-麩胺酸-丙胺酸-天門冬胺酸（DEAD）的氨基酸序列而得名[2]。此家族的蛋白多參與RNA相關反應[3]，有許多蛋白為RNA解旋酶[4]，可以消耗ATP的機制將雙股RNA解開[5]。

DEAH家族與SKI2家族的蛋白序列也與DEAD box家族的蛋白相似[6][7][8]，三者合稱DExD/H家族蛋白[9]。

結構

1980年代晚期有學者發現許多蛋白的NTP結合位點（英语：NTP binding site）序列和eIF4ARNA解旋酶的相似[10]，後續研究發現這些蛋白均有9個保守的結構域，由N端至C端分別為Q結構域、結構域I、結構域Ia、結構域Ib、結構域II、結構域III、結構域IV、結構域V與結構域VI，其中結構域II又名沃克結構域-B（英语：Walker motifs），包含天門冬胺酸-麩胺酸-丙胺酸-天門冬胺酸（DEAD）的氨基酸序列[2]。Q結構域、結構域I、結構域II與結構域VI為結合與水解ATP所需，結構域Ia、結構域Ib、結構域III、結構域IV與結構域V則為結合RNA所需[11]。

功能

mRNA剪接過程，其中標註為橘色的蛋白皆屬DEAD box家族

DEAD box家族的蛋白多為RNA解旋酶，參與轉錄、RNA剪接、核糖體組裝（英语：ribosome biogenesis）、RNA轉運、轉譯與RNA降解等細胞中的多種RNA相關反應[9][12][13]。

釀酒酵母mRNA剪接的過程有Sub2、Prp28與Prp5等3種DEAD box蛋白參與[5]，其中Prp5可與U2 SnRNA（英语：U2 spliceosomal RNA）結合以影響其結構，使其得以與mRNA內含子中的分支位點（branchpoint）結合[14]；Prp28可能可識別內含子的5′端切割位點，但此蛋白無解旋酶活性[15]。另外Prp2、Prp16、Prp22、Prp43與Brr213等多種DEAH家族蛋白也參與mRNA剪切[16]。

轉譯起始因子eIF4A為一DEAD box蛋白，在轉譯起始時可解開mRNA5′ UTR的二級結構，以利核糖體小次單元掃描mRNA以尋找起始密碼子[17]。另一DEAD box Ded1也參與轉譯起始過程，但具體機制仍不明[18]；還有一與Ded1相似的DEAD box蛋白Vasa可與eIF2互動[19]。

參考文獻

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  19. ^ Carrera P, Johnstone O, Nakamura A, Casanova J, Jäckle H, Lasko P. VASA mediates translation through interaction with a Drosophila yIF2 homolog. Mol. Cell. January 2000, 5 (1): 181–7. PMID 10678180. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80414-1. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-F80E-6 可免费查阅. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DEAD_box&oldid=74140248”