開後圓唇元音(open back rounded vowel、low back rounded vowel[1])是母音的一種,用於一些口說語言當中,國際音標以⟨ɒ⟩代表此音,而X-SAMPA音標則以⟨Q⟩代表此音。⟨ɒ⟩這符號又稱作「倒轉手寫體a」,因為它可說是「手寫體a」(实为Latin Alpha)的倒轉版本。直線在左的「倒轉手寫體a」,不當和直線在右的「手寫體a」,也就是ɑ混淆,「手寫體a」表開後不圓唇元音,亦與此音不同。
Engstrand, Olle, Swedish, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 140–142, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
Fleischer, Jürg; Schmid, Stephan, Zurich German(PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2006, 36 (2): 243–253 [2018-02-15], doi:10.1017/S0025100306002441, (原始内容(PDF)存档于2018-02-15)
Grønnum, Nina, Illustrations of the IPA: Danish, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1998, 28 (1 & 2): 99–105, doi:10.1017/s0025100300006290
Hall, Christopher, Modern German pronunciation: An introduction for speakers of English 2nd, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003 [First published 1992], ISBN 0-7190-6689-1
Hay, Jennifer; Maclagan, Margaret; Gordon, Elizabeth, New Zealand English, Dialects of English, Edinburgh University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-7486-2529-1
Horvath, Barbara M., Australian English: phonology, Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (编), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter: 625–644, 2004, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
Kráľ, Ábel, Pravidlá slovenskej výslovnosti, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, 1988
Krech, Eva Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz-Christian, 7.3.10 Norwegisch, Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch, Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009, ISBN 978-3-11-018202-6
Recasens, Daniel, Fonètica descriptiva del català: assaig de caracterització de la pronúncia del vocalisme i el consonantisme català al segle XX 2nd, Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 1996, ISBN 978-84-7283-312-8
Riad, Tomas, The Phonology of Swedish, Oxford University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-954357-1
Roach, Peter, British English: Received Pronunciation, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2004, 34 (2): 239–245, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001768
Sailaja, Pingali, Indian English, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd: 17–38, 2009, ISBN 978 0 7486 2594 9
Scobbie, James M.; Gordeeva, Olga B.; Matthews, Benjamin, Acquisition of Scottish English Phonology: an overview, Edinburgh: QMU Speech Science Research Centre Working Papers, 2006
Strandskogen, Åse-Berit, Norsk fonetikk for utlendinger, Oslo: Gyldendal, 1979, ISBN 82-05-10107-8
Szende, Tamás, Hungarian, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1994, 24 (2): 91–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005090