信仰治療
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| 替代医学和伪医学 |
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信仰治療（英語：Faith healing），是指對生理或心靈上的疾病，透過祈禱或靈修的方式而藉著上帝或神靈的力量進行醫治及治療。所有的科學界人士和哲學界人士均認為，信仰治療屬於偽科學[1][2][3][4][5]。有少量醫護界機構認為，信仰治療對病人有一定程度的幫助[6]，但可用宗教心理學的安慰劑解释。
透過祈禱或神靈干預治病，在古代歷史上是非常普遍的做法。[7] 不少宗教聲稱可以透過其信仰治療眼盲、失聰、癌症、愛滋病、發展障礙、貧血、 關節炎 、 言語障礙、 多發性硬化症、 皮疹、全身麻痺、身體受傷等疾病[8]。信徒相信，人們可以藉著祈禱，或參拜神社，或靠一個強烈的信念而治療這些疾病。[8]
宗教證據及批判
一些意見認為，宗教治療的療效，能間接提供有上帝或超自然力量的證明。一些意見則認為，宗教治療，在排除假記憶、錯誤記憶及造假可能後，可能只是安慰劑效應及大腦作崇。[9][10]
參考
- ^ Mahner, Martin. Pigliucci, Massimo; Boudry, Maarten , 编. Philosophy of pseudoscience reconsidering the demarcation problem Online-Ausg. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2013: 30 [18 April 2018]. ISBN 9780226051826. （原始内容存档于2021-07-18）.
- ^ Hassani, Sadri. From Atoms to Galaxies: A Conceptual Physics Approach to Scientific Awareness. CRC Press. 2010: 641 [18 April 2018]. ISBN 9781439882849. （原始内容存档于2021-07-18） （英语）.
There are also activities that, although not classified (or claimed) as science, have implications that trespass into the scientific territories. Examples of this category of activities are the claim that we have been visited by aliens riding unidentified flying objects, all psychic phenomena, and faith healing. We study the nature of all these activities under the general heading of pseudoscience. . .
- ^ Erzinclioglu, Zakaria. Every Contact Leaves a Trace: Scientific Detection in the Twentieth Century. Carlton Books. 2000: 60 [2021-07-18]. ISBN 9781842221617. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.
For example, most scientists dismiss the notion of faith-healing, a phenomenon for which there is a certain amount of evidence.
- ^ See also:
Pitt, Joseph C.; Pera, Marcello. Rational Changes in Science: Essays on Scientific Reasoning. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012 [18 April 2018]. ISBN 9789400937796. （原始内容存档于2021-07-18） （英语）.
Such examples of pseudoscience as the theory of biorhythms, astrology, dianetics, creationism, faith healing may seem too obvious examples of pseudoscience for academic readers.
Zerbe, Michael J. Composition and the Rhetoric of Science: Engaging the Dominant Discourse. SIU Press. 2007: 86 [2021-07-18]. ISBN 9780809327409. （原始内容存档于2021-07-18） （英语）.
[T]he authors of the 2002 National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators devoted and entire section of their report to the concern that the public is increasingly trusting in pseudoscience such as astrology, UFOs and alien abduction, extrasensory perception, channeling the dead, faith healing, and psychic hotlines.
Robert Cogan. Critical Thinking: Step by Step. University Press of America. 1998: 217. ISBN 9780761810674.
Faith healing is probably the most dangerous pseudoscience.
Leonard, Bill J.; Crainshaw, Jill Y. Encyclopedia of Religious Controversies in the United States: A-L. ABC-CLIO. 2013 [18 April 2018]. ISBN 9781598848670. （原始内容存档于2021-07-18） （英语）.
Certain approaches to faith healing are also widely considered to be pseudoscientific, including those of Christian Science, voodoo, and Spiritualism.
- ^ 信仰治療∶揭開巫醫神功的面紗. [19 Jul 2021]. ISBN 7544302903. （原始内容存档于2021-07-21） （中文（臺灣））.
這是一本憤怒人寫的書！這是一聲要求「撥亂反正」的憤怒的呼號！在全球的各體育館和演講廳，那些成千上萬自成風格的信仰療法大師正在厚顏無恥地行騙。他們假裝能召喚神幫助他們治療疾病，實際卻在瘋狂地掠奪這些患者，奪走他們的尊嚴，健康和金錢。
- ^ 受正規治療 信仰有助好轉, 茂盛醫院 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Barrett, Stephen. Some Thoughts about Faith Healing. Quackwatch. December 27, 2009 [2014-01-23]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-09）.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Faith Healing. American Cancer Society. 2013-01-17. （原始内容存档于2013-04-27）.
- ^ 为病人祈祷管用吗？, 《百科知识》2006年 第08S期, 李兴
- ^ Faith Healing （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Science Based Medicine