非洲大蝸牛科

瑪瑙螺科; 化石时期：更新世至現在 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
	非洲大蝸牛
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
亚群：	泛有肺亞群 Panpulmonata
总目：	真有肺總目 Eupulmonata
目：	柄眼目 Stylommatophora
亚目：	瑪瑙螺亞目 Achatinina
总科：	瑪瑙螺總科 Achatinoidea
科：	瑪瑙螺科 Achatinidae; Swainson, 1840
屬
	見內文[錨點失效]

非洲大蝸牛科（學名：Achatinidae），又名瑪瑙螺科，包括超過100个属，都是原生于非洲的大型和中型陆生蜗牛，成蝸每年可以產3-6次卵，每次產卵因體形不同，每次產卵約50-500顆。

分佈

該科的蝸牛分佈於撒哈拉以南非洲^[1]。

解剖學

該科蝸牛的單倍體染色體大約有26到30。^[3]

分類學

該科分類在非正式群體弯尿道亚目下，屬於柄眼亞目、真肺目，下領四個亞科^[4]。

2017年，根據《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》，原來柄眼目之下的四大分類重組，本科成為了瑪瑙螺亞目的成員之餘，下領八個亞科的鑽頭螺科亦被併入本科^[5]。因此，非洲大蝸牛科成為了一個下領12個亞科的龐大分類，而不少亞科之下又再細分為多個族。

以下為非洲大蝸牛科之下的12個亞科：

瑪瑙螺亞科 Achatininae Swainson, 1840：異名包括Urceidae Chaper, 1884及Ampullidae Winckworth, 1945
Coeliaxinae Pilsbry, 1907
Cryptelasminae Germain, 1916
珀色螺亚科 Glessulinae Godwin-Austin, 1920
鑽螺亞科 Opeatinae Thiele, 1931
Petriolinae Schileyko, 1999
Pyrgininae Germain, 1916
锡金螺亚科 Rishetiinae Schileyko, 1999
刍螺亞科 Rumininae Wenz, 1923
窄圆螺亚科 Stenogyrinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
鑽頭螺亞科 Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
Thyrophorellinae Girard, 1895

各个亚科包含的属如下：

玛瑙螺亚科 Achatininae Swainson, 1840

族 Achatinini Swainson, 1840

玛瑙螺属 Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Archachatina Albers, 1850
Atopocochlis Crosse & P. Fischer, 1888
Bequaertina Mead, 1994
Brownisca Mead, 2004
Bruggenina Mead, 2004
Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889
Cochlitoma A. Férussac, 1821
Leptocalina Bequaert, 1950
Leptocallista Pilsbry, 1904
Lignus Gray, 1834
Metachatina Pilsbry, 1904
Pseudachatina Albers, 1850
Achatinus Montfort, 1810，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Achatium Link, 1807，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Agathina J. Férussac, 1807，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Burtopsis Bourguignat, 1889，接受名为： Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889
Euaethiops Clench & Archer, 1930，接受名为：Achatina (Euaethiopina) Bequaert, 1950
Eutaxis Ancey, 1888，接受名为：Atopocochlis Crosse & P. Fischer, 1888
Geodes Gistel, 1848，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Livinhacia Crosse, 1889，接受名为：Burtoa Bourguignat, 1889
Megachatina Bequaert & Clench, 1936，接受名为：Archachatina (Calachatina) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Archachatina Albers, 1850
Oncaea Gistel, 1848 ，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Parachatina Bourguignat, 1889，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Pseudotrochus Mörch, 1852，接受名为：Lignus Gray, 1834
Serpaea Bourguignat, 1889，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799
Urceus Mörch, 1857，接受名为：Achatina Lamarck, 1799

族 Callistoplepini Mead, 1994

Callistoplepa Ancey, 1888
Leptocala Ancey, 1888
Ganomidos d'Ailly, 1896，接受名为：Callistoplepa Ancey, 1888
Petitia Jousseaume, 1884，接受名为：Leptocala Ancey, 1888

族 Limicolariini Schileyko, 1999

Columna Perry, 1811
Limicolaria Schumacher, 1817
Limicolariopsis d'Ailly, 1910
Perideriopsis Putzeys, 1898，接受名为：Limicolaria Schumacher, 1817
Rebmanniella Preston, 1911，接受名为：Limicolariopsis d'Ailly, 1910
† Arabicolaria Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2016

亚科 Coeliaxinae Pilsbry, 1907

Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865
Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907
Neosubulina E.A. Smith, 1898
Bathyaxis Ancey, 1887，接受名为：Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865
Microbeliscus Weyrauch, 1964，接受名为：Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907
Nannobeliscus Weyrauch, 1967，接受名为：Ischnocion Pilsbry, 1907
Sphalerostoma Girard, 1892，接受名为：Coeliaxis H. Adams & Angas, 1865

亚科 Cryptelasminae Germain, 1916

Cryptelasmus Pilsbry, 1907
Thomea Girard, 1893

珀色螺亚科 Glessulinae Godwin-Austin, 1920

珀色螺属 Glessula E. von Martens, 1860
Electra Albers, 1850，接受名为：Glessula E. von Martens, 1860
Jadukamia Godwin-Austen, 1920，接受名为：Glessula E. von Martens, 1860
滑胚玛瑙螺属 Lissachatina Bequaert, 1950

钻螺亚科 Opeatinae Thiele, 1931

Eremopeas Pilsbry, 1906
钻螺属 Opeas Albers, 1850
† Pacaudiella Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2016

亚科 Petriolinae Schileyko, 1999

Bocageia Girard, 1893
Ceras Dupuis & Putzeys, 1901
Chilonopsis Fischer von Waldheim, 1848
Cleostyla Dall, 1896
Comoropeas Pilsbry, 1906
Dictyoglessula Pilsbry, 1919
Homorus Albers, 1850
Ischnoglessula Pilsbry, 1919
Itiopiana Preston, 1910
Kempioconcha Preston, 1913
Liobocageia Pilsbry, 1919
Mabilliella Ancey, 1886
Nothapalinus Connolly, 1923
Nothapalus E. von Martens, 1897
Oleata L. Ortiz de Zarate & R. Ortiz de Zarate, 1959
Oreohomorus Pilsbry, 1919
Petriola Dall, 1905
Subuliniscus Pilsbry, 1919
Subulona E. von Martens, 1889
Kempia Preston, 1913，接受名为：Kempioconcha Preston, 1913
Kenia Preston, 1911，接受名为：Nothapalus E. von Martens, 1897
Pileata L. Ortiz de Zarate & R. Ortiz de Zarate, 1959，接受名为：Subulona E. von Martens, 1889
Pseudocerastus Germain, 1918，接受名为：Kempioconcha Preston, 1913
Trichodina Ancey, 1888，接受名为：Petriola Dall, 1905

亚科 Pyrgininae Germain, 1916

Pseudobalea Shuttleworth, 1854
Pyrgina Greef, 1882

锡金螺亚科 Rishetiinae Schileyko, 1999

杆状螺属 Bacillum Theobald, 1870
Eutomopeas Pilsbry, 1946
锡金螺属 Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920
卷轴螺属 Tortaxis Pilsbry, 1906
Dikrangia Godwin-Austen, 1920，接受名为：Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920
Ranibania Schileyko & Kuznetsov, 1996，接受名为：Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920 (objective synonym)
Tomopeas Pilsbry, 1906，接受名为：Eutomopeas Pilsbry, 1946

刍螺亚科 Rumininae Wenz, 1923

Balfouria Crosse, 1885
Krapfiella Preston, 1911
Lubricetta F. Haas, 1928
Namibiella Zilch, 1954
Riebeckia E. von Martens, 1883
刍螺属 Rumina Risso, 1826
Xerocerastus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1902
Cylindrina Schlüter, 1838，接受名为：Rumina Risso, 1826
Eburnea Mousson, 1888，接受名为：Xerocerastus Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1902
Orbitina Risso, 1826，接受名为：Rumina Risso, 1826
Sira A. Schmidt, 1855，接受名为：Rumina Risso, 1826

窄圆螺亚科 Stenogyrinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877

Chryserpes Pilsbry, 1906
Cupulella Aguayo & Jaume, 1948
Dolicholestes Pilsbry, 1906
Lyobasis Pilsbry, 1903
Neobeliscus Pilsbry, 1896
Obeliscus H. Beck, 1837
Ochroderma Ancey, 1885
Ochrodermatina Thiele, 1931
Ochrodermella Pilsbry, 1907
Plicaxis Sykes, 1903
Promoussonius Pilsbry, 1906
Protobeliscus Pilsbry, 1906
Rhodea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
窄圆螺属 Stenogyra Shuttleworth, 1854
Synapterpes Pilsbry, 1896
Zoniferella Pilsbry, 1906
Oxycheilus Albers, 1850，接受名为：Synapterpes Pilsbry, 1896
Rhodina de Morgan, 1885，接受名为：Plicaxis Sykes, 1903

钻头螺亚科 Subulininae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877

錐蝸牛屬 Allopeas H.B. Baker, 1935，异钻螺属
Beckianum H.B. Baker, 1961
曲钻螺属 Curvella Chaper, 1885
Dysopeas H.B. Baker, 1927
Euonyma Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896
Fortuna Schlickum & Strauch, 1972
Hypolysia Melvill & Ponsonby, 1901
Lamellaxis Strebel & Pfeffer, 1882
Leptinaria H. Beck, 1837
Leptopeas H.B. Baker, 1927
Micropeas Connolly, 1923
Neoglessula Pilsbry, 1909
侧钻螺属 Paropeas Pilsbry, 1906
Pelatrinia Pilsbry, 1907
近钻螺属 Prosopeas Mörch, 1876
Pseudoglessula O. Boettger, 1892
Pseudopeas Putzeys, 1899
Striosubulina Thiele, 1933
钻头螺属 Subulina H. Beck, 1837
Vegrandinia Salvador, Cunha & Simone, 2013
Zootecus Westerlund, 1887
Chilogymnus Ehrenberg, 1831 (taxon inquirendum)
Beccaria Bourguignat, 1883，接受名为：Pseudopeas Putzeys, 1899
Chilogymnus Jousseaume, 1894，接受名为：Zootecus Westerlund, 1887 (junior synonym)
Diaopeas F. Haas, 1962，接受名为：Beckianum H.B. Baker, 1961
Hapalus Albers, 1850，接受名为：曲钻螺属（Curvella Chaper, 1885）
Nothus Albers, 1850，接受名为：Leptinaria H. Beck, 1837
Obeliscella Jousseaume, 1889，接受名为：Zootecus Westerlund, 1887 (junior synonym)
Synopeas Jousseaume, 1889，接受名为：Beckianum H.B. Baker, 1961

Thyrophorellinae Girard, 1895

Thyrophorella Greeff, 1882

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Family summary for Achatinidae". AnimalBase, last change 24-11-2007, accessed 3 August 2010
^ Swainson W. J. (1840). A treatise on malacology161: 334.
^ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.

外部链接

Lots of African Snail Pictures
Achatinoidea pictures
Excellent site (in German) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Achatinidae （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Extensive information on Achatina and Archachatina in captivity with a helpful forum. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
US Dept of Agriculture （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[AB-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Family summary for Achatinidae". AnimalBase, last change 24-11-2007, accessed 3 August 2010

[2] Swainson W. J. (1840). A treatise on malacology161: 334.

[Barker-3] Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

[Bouchet_2005-4] Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.

[5] Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim, A.; Kano, Y.; Nützel, A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong, E.E. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1–2): 1–526. OCLC 7296100651. S2CID 91051256. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]