推論統計學

安德森鸢尾花卉数据集中变色鸢尾花萼片宽度数据的分布直方图

推論統計學，或称统计推断（英語：Statistical inference），指统计学中，研究如何根据样本数据去推断总体数量特征的方法。它是在对样本数据进行描述的基础上，对统计总体的未知数量特征做出以概率形式表述的推断。更概括地说，是在一段有限的时间内，通过对一个随机过程的观察来进行推断的。

统计学中，统计推断与描述统计相对应。

统计推断的結果常用來決定下一步的作法，可能是要做更深入的試驗或問卷，或是是決定是否要實行某項方案。

参考文献

• Bandyopadhyay, P. S.; Forster, M. R. (编), Philosophy of Statistics, Elsevier, 2011 .
• Bickel, Peter J.; Doksum, Kjell A. Mathematical statistics: Basic and selected topics 1 Second (updated printing 2007). Prentice Hall. 2001. ISBN 0-13-850363-X. MR 0443141. 
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  • (1878 June), "The Order of Nature", Popular Science Monthly, v. 13, pp. 203 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）–217.Internet Archive Eprint.
  • (1878 August), "Deduction, Induction, and Hypothesis", Popular Science Monthly, v. 13, pp. 470 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）–482. Internet Archive Eprint.
• Peirce, C. S. (1883), "A Theory of probable inference", Studies in Logic, pp. 126-181 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Little, Brown, and Company. (Reprinted 1983, John Benjamins Publishing Company, ISBN 90-272-3271-7)
• Pfanzagl, Johann; with the assistance of R. Hamböker. Parametric Statistical Theory. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 1994. ISBN 3-11-013863-8. MR 1291393. 
• Rissanen, Jorma. Stochastic Complexity in Statistical Inquiry. Series in Computer Science 15. Singapore: World Scientific. 1989. ISBN 9971-5-0859-1. MR 1082556. 
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• Zabell, S. L. R. A. Fisher and Fiducial Argument. Statistical Science. Aug 1992, 7 (3): 369–387. JSTOR 2246073. doi:10.1214/ss/1177011233. 

延伸阅读

• Casella, G., Berger, R.L. (2001). Statistical Inference. Duxbury Press. ISBN 0-534-24312-6
• Freedman, D.A. Statistical models and shoe leather. Sociological Methodology. 1991, 21: 291–313. JSTOR 270939. doi:10.2307/270939. 
• Held L., Bové D.S. (2014). Applied Statistical Inference—Likelihood and Bayes (Springer).
• Lenhard, Johannes. Models and Statistical Inference: the controversy between Fisher and Neyman–Pearson (PDF). British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. 2006, 57: 69–91 [2018-12-29]. doi:10.1093/bjps/axi152. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-03-03）. 
• Lindley, D. Fiducial distribution and Bayes' theorem. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B. 1958, 20: 102–7. 
• Rahlf, Thomas (2014). "Statistical Inference", in Claude Diebolt, and Michael Haupert (eds.), "Handbook of Cliometrics ( Springer Reference Series)", Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer. http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/372458.html （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Reid, N.; Cox, D. R. On Some Principles of Statistical Inference. International Statistical Review. 2014, 83 (2): n/a. doi:10.1111/insr.12067. 
• Young, G.A., Smith, R.L. (2005). Essentials of Statistical Inference, CUP. ISBN 0-521-83971-8

相关条目

• 统计学
• 独立性检验

外部連結

• MIT OpenCourseWare （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: Statistical Inference
• NPTEL Statistical Inference （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, youtube link （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Statistical induction and prediction